ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2025
Modulating the PD-1-FABP5 axis in ILC2s to regulate adipose tissue metabolism in obesity.
Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tissue-Resident ILC2s Across Organs: Heterogeneity, Niche Crosstalk, and Shared Regulatory Circuits.Immune network · 2025Review
- Immunometabolic Crosstalk in Adipose Tissue Remodeling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Obesity is closely linked to metabolic dysregulation and chronic inflammation, which significantly impact immune cell functions in adipose tissue. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have emerged as key regulators of energy homeostasis, positioning them as promising targets for obesity management. However, the mechanisms governing ILC2 activity and their therapeutic potential in obesity are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that ILC2s in obese adipose tissue exhibit increased PD-1 expression, leading to an exhausted phenotype with diminished cytokine production and proliferation. Elevated osteopontin (OPN) levels in adipose tissue are associated with higher PD-1 expression on ILC2s, while adipocyte-derived PD-L1 interacts with PD-1 to further impair ILC2 functionality. Importantly, blocking PD-1 signaling prevents weight gain and alleviates obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions. In addition, the adoptive transfer of PD-1-deficient ILC2s reduces diabetic phenotypes in obese models. Mechanistically, PD-1 signaling drives metabolic reprogramming in ILC2s, affecting fatty acid uptake and energy metabolism through the downregulation of fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5). These results, corroborated by findings in human adipose tissue, suggest a conserved OPN-PD-1 axis. Our study identifies the OPN-PD-1-FABP5 pathway as a crucial regulator of ILC2 function in adipose tissue and presents an emerging immune cell-based therapeutic target for obesity treatment.
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Registered trials
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