Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39950084›Full record

ReviewJournal of immunology research2025

Immune Tolerance Regulation Is Critical to Immune Homeostasis.

Lei Han, Tianxiang Wu, Qin Zhang, Anning Qi, Xiaohui Zhou

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of immunology research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
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  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. T cell exhaustion in parasitic infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2026
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Research Progress of Molecular HDrug design, development and therapy · 2026
    Review
  15. Review
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  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. The theory of tumor immuno-ecodynamics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Lei HanDepartment of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu, China.
Tianxiang WuSchool of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3203-1079
Qin ZhangSchool of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
Anning QiMedical Laboratory, Liuhe People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211500, China.
Xiaohui ZhouSchool of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6375-4497

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The body's immune response plays a critical role in defending against external or foreign antigens while also preserving tolerance to self-antigens. This equilibrium, referred to as immune homeostasis, is paramount for overall health. The regulatory mechanisms governing the maintenance of this delicate immune balance are notably complex. It is currently accepted that immune tolerance is a dynamic outcome regulated by multiple factors, including central and peripheral mechanisms. Its induction or elimination plays a significant role in autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and cancer therapy, markedly impacting various major diseases in modern clinical practice. Overall, our current understanding of immune tolerance is still very limited. In this review article, we summarized the main mechanisms that have been known to mediate immune tolerance so far, including endogenous immune tolerance, adaptive immune tolerance, other immune tolerance mechanisms, and the homeostasis of immune tolerance, identified the key factors that regulate immune tolerance, and provided new clues for immune system recovery in many autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and tumor therapy.

Indexed as

HomeostasisImmune ToleranceAdaptive ImmunityAnimalsAutoimmune DiseasesHumansNeoplasmsOrgan TransplantationAICDclonal deletionimmune toleranceTCRTreg

Identifiers

PMID39950084
PMCPMC11824399

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.