Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39951041›Full record

ArticleJournal of behavioral addictions2025

Clinical consensus statements on change techniques for gambling treatment: A Delphi study with clinicians.

Imran M Keshani, Stephanie S Merkouris, Anita Guyett, Simone N Rodda, Nicki A Dowling

Abstract readConsensus Statement
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of behavioral addictions, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Imran M Keshani1School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5546-9816
Stephanie S Merkouris1School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-9037-6121
Anita Guyett1School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.ORCID 0009-0002-8061-7467
Simone N Rodda1School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7973-1003
Nicki A Dowling1School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8592-2407

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and aims: The active ingredients of psychological gambling treatments remain unclear, with research identifying effective change techniques only emerging. This study aimed to identify clinical consensus statements on effective change techniques for gambling treatment according to Australian and New Zealand gambling clinicians. Identification of promising change techniques can inform the development of optimised interventions. Methods: A panel of 68 clinicians participated in a two-round Modified Delphi study. Panellists rated the effectiveness of 19 change techniques for reducing gambling severity, expenditure and frequency. Consensus criteria for effectiveness and ineffectiveness were defined a priori. Panellists were also asked to provide culturally relevant considerations and adaptations when using change techniques with culturally diverse, linguistically diverse and Indigenous populations. Responses were analysed through a thematic analysis. Results: Clinical consensus was reached on the effectiveness of 10 change techniques: relapse prevention, goal setting, motivational enhancement, information provision, cognitive restructuring, financial regulation, information gathering, plan social support, problem solving, and decisional balance. There was no consensus that any technique was ineffective, however social comparison received the lowest ratings. Panellists also identified four key themes of considerations when working with culturally diverse, linguistically diverse and Indigenous populations. Discussion and Conclusions: This is the first Delphi study to explore clinician perspectives on change technique effectiveness. Ten change techniques were identified as likely to be effective. Findings can inform the selection of promising change techniques for inclusion in gambling treatment programs and expedite optimised intervention development by focussing research efforts on change techniques most likely to be effective.

Indexed as

GamblingAdultAustraliaDelphi TechniqueFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNew Zealandbehaviour change techniqueclinical consensus statementsclinicianDelphigambling disordertreatment

Identifiers

PMID39951041
PMCPMC11974437

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.