Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39953449›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2025

AMY1 gene copy number associated with xerostomia and Sjögren's syndrome: a cross-sectional study.

Indre Stankeviciene, Alina Puriene, Vilma Brukiene, Diana Mieliauskaite, Synnøve Bække, Berit Tommeras, Rania Al-Mahdi, Arunas Rimkevicius, Lina Stangvaltaite-Mouhat

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Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Indre StankevicieneInstitute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, 01131, Lithuania. indre.stankeviciene@mf.vu.lt.
Alina PurieneInstitute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, 01131, Lithuania.
Vilma BrukieneInstitute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, 01131, Lithuania.
Diana MieliauskaiteDepartment of Experimental, Preventive and Clinical Medicine, State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Synnøve BækkeUiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.
Berit TommerasUiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.
Rania Al-MahdiUiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway. rania.al-mahdi@uit.no.
Arunas RimkeviciusInstitute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, 01131, Lithuania.
Lina Stangvaltaite-MouhatInstitute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, 01131, Lithuania.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDry mouth-related conditions adversely affect patients' well-being, as well as their oral and general health. There are indications that the quantitative and qualitative protein composition of saliva is disrupted in patients with xerostomia and Sjögren's syndrome. Salivary α-amylase levels positively correlate with the copy number (CN) of its coding gene, AMY1 (amylase alpha 1). This study aimed to investigate the association between intensity of xerostomia, Sjögren's syndrome, and AMY1 CN. Establishing such an association could position AMY1 CN as a potential genetic biomarker for dry mouth-related conditions, aiding in their early detection.

methodsThis cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from the main dry mouth study conducted in five public hospitals in Vilnius, the capital city of Lithuania. Based on sample size calculations for the main study, 127 patients who met the inclusion criterion of dry mouth complaints (sometimes, often, and always) were recruited. The outcomes were xerostomia intensity, assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and confirmed cases of Sjögren's syndrome, assessed using the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria and classified as either primary or secondary. Sociodemographic information included age and sex; self-perceived stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). During clinical examinations, unstimulated whole sialometry was performed for 15 min, and oral mucosa swabs were collected. The swabs were used to quantify AMY1 CN via droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Data were analyzed using both univariable and multivariable regression models.

resultsIn total, 112 patients with available AMY1 CN data and recorded xerostomia intensity VAS scores were included in this study. Of these, 26 (23%) were diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome; 9 (8%) had primary and 17 (15%) had secondary Sjögren's syndrome. According to multivariable linear regression analyses, higher AMY1 CN was associated with 0.15 lower xerostomia intensity VAS score (β =-0.15, 95% CI -0.30, -0.01). Higher AMY1 CN reduced the odds for primary Sjögren's syndrome (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.03-0.89).

conclusionsThe present study indicated an inverse association between xerostomia, primary Sjögren's syndrome, and AMY1 CN. Studies validating these findings and exploring the underlying mechanisms are warranted.

Indexed as

Gene DosageSalivary alpha-AmylasesSjogren's SyndromeXerostomiaAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSalivaAMY1A protein, humanSalivary alpha-AmylasesAdultsDry mouthGene copy numberGeneticsSalivary α-amylaseSjögren’s syndromeXerostomia

Identifiers

PMID39953449
PMCPMC11829383

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.