ArticleLipids in health and disease2025
Sex differences in associations of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort of adults with annual health examinations.
Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and validation of an early risk prediction model based on inflammatory and metabolically derived markers for early diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Human microphysiological systems of aging recreate the in vivo process expediting evaluation of anti-geronic strategies.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Article
- Central adiposity outperforms disordered eating behavior in predicting type 2 diabetes risk in young adults: an explainable machine learning approach.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Novel inflammatory metabolic parameters as predictors of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- HDL-related lipid ratios reflecting metabolic inflammation are associated with endometriosis status and ASRM stage.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based integration of pericoronary adipose tissue and clinical risk factors for cardiovascular risk prediction in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Interaction between triglyceride-glucose-body mass index and age in coronary artery stenosis severity: a sex-stratified exploratory analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Monocyte-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Visceral Obesity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- The relationship between novel inflammatory markers SII, SIRI, MHR, UHR and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes: based on a retrospective analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Metabolic crossroads in insulin resistance: exploring lipid dysregulation and inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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9 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsCardio-kidney-metabolic diseases are major causes of premature death worldwide, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) playing a critical role. Inflammation and insulin resistance have been implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM. This study aimed to investigate the sex-specific associations of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance with incident T2DM to support personalized prevention and management strategies.
methodsA retrospective cohort was used to analyse annual health examination data from the general practice department of a general hospital in Shanghai between 2021 and 2023. After excluding participants diagnosed with T2DM, cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease at baseline, 1214 adults were followed up for two years. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of triglyceride-glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), the lymphocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR), the monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), and the neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) with incident T2DM.
resultsIn the total population, TyG-BMI (all HR/OR > 1, P < 0.05), LHR, MHR and NHR were significantly and positively associated with incident T2DM. TyG-BMI was significantly associated with incident T2DM in men (both HR/OR > 1, P < 0.05), whereas LHR, MHR and NHR were strongly associated with incident T2DM in women (all HR/OR > 1, P < 0.05). The interaction effect between LHR and sex was statistically significant.
conclusionSex differences play an important role in incident T2DM. Men should be aware of weight control to avoid obesity-related insulin resistance, whereas women should monitor metabolic inflammation indicators such as LHR for early detection and intervention of their T2DM risk.
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