Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39955263›Full record

Observational studySleep2025

Sleep timing, sleep timing regularity, and cognitive performance in women entering late adulthood: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

Leslie M Swanson, Michelle M Hood, Rebecca C Thurston, Meryl A Butters, Christopher E Kline, Howard M Kravitz, Nancy E Avis, Genevieve Neal-Perry, Hadine Joffe, Siobán D Harlow and 1 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Sleep, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Sleep Abnormalities and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Actigraphy-derived time in bed: it's time to put this issue to bed.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Leslie M SwansonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1720-1760
Michelle M HoodDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Rebecca C ThurstonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Meryl A ButtersDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Christopher E KlineDepartment of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1025-9430
Howard M KravitzDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Nancy E AvisDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Genevieve Neal-PerryDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Hadine JoffeConnors Center for Women's Health and Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7035-8249
Siobán D HarlowDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Carol A DerbyThe Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Funding

UCSF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTEUL1RR024131 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JOHNSTON, S. CLAIBORNE · 2006 to 2011
$111.2M
The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN): The Impact of Midlife and the Menopause Transition on Health and Functioning in Early Old AgeU19AG063720 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI SHERRI-ANN M BURNETT-BOWIE · 2020 to 2026
$61.3M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--COORDINATING CENTERU01AG012553 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI BROOKS, MARIA MORI · 1994 to 2019
$37.7M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--ENDOCRINE LABU01AG012495 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MCCONNELL, DANIEL S · 1994 to 2018
$18.8M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--PITTSBURGHU01AG012546 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI MATTHEWS, KAREN · 1994 to 2019
$16.2M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--UCDAVISU01AG012554 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI GOLD, ELLEN B. · 1994 to 2019
$14.5M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--UCLAU01AG012539 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI GREENDALE, GAIL A · 1994 to 2018
$13.7M
THE STUDY OF WOMEN'S HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION-MICHIGANU01NR004061 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HARLOW, SIOBAN D · 1994 to 2018
$12.9M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--CHICAGOU01AG012505 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI KRAVITZ, HOWARD M · 1994 to 2019
$11.9M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HU01AG012531 · NIA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI FINKELSTEIN, JOEL S · 1994 to 2019
$10.7M
Women's Health Across the Nation-New Jersey SiteU01AG012535 · NIA · UNIV OF MED/DENT OF NJ-NJ MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI DERBY, CAROL A. · 1994 to 2019
$9.2M
A Wearable Morning Light Treatment for Postpartum Depression: Confirming Efficacy and MechanismsR01MH121531 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI SWANSON, LESLIE M · 2021 to 2024
$2.3M
NCATS NIH HHSNCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024131NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012495NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012505NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012531NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012535NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012539NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012546NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012553NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012554NIA NIH HHS U19 AG063720NIH HHSNIH Office of Research on Women's Health U01NR004061NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH121531NINR NIH HHS U01 NR004061Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

STUDY

objectivesThis study examined whether sleep timing and its regularity are associated with cognitive performance in older women and whether associations vary based on cardiometabolic risk factors.

methodsThe cross-sectional analysis included 1177 community-dwelling females (mean age 65 years) from the observational Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) annual visit 15. Sleep timing (mean midpoint from sleep onset to wake-up) and its regularity (standard deviation of midpoint) were assessed using actigraphy. Cognitive measures included immediate and delayed verbal memory, working memory, and processing speed. Cardiometabolic risk measures included central obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk score. Linear regression models, adjusted for covariates, tested associations between sleep and cognitive measures.

resultsAfter covariate adjustment, early sleep timing was associated with worse delayed verbal memory (β = -0.37; p = .047) and late sleep timing was associated with worse processing speed (β = -1.80; p = .008). Irregular sleep timing was associated with worse immediate (β = -0.29; p = .020) and delayed verbal memory (β = -0.36; p = .006), and better working memory (β = 0.50; p = .004). Associations between early sleep timing and delayed verbal memory strengthened as ASCVD risk increased (interaction β = -8.83, p = .026), and sleep timing irregularity's effect on working memory was stronger among women with hypertension (interaction β = -3.35, p = .039).

conclusionsSleep timing and its regularity are concurrently associated with cognitive performance in older women. Cardiovascular disease risk may modify some of these associations. Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify these relationships.

Indexed as

CognitionSleepWomen's HealthActigraphyAgedCardiometabolic Risk FactorsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsRisk FactorsTime Factorsactigraphycognitive performanceolder adultssleep timingsleep timing regularitywomen

Identifiers

PMID39955263
PMCPMC12068052

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.