Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39960347›Full record

ReviewThe Biochemical journal2025

Structure and function of MDM2 and MDM4 in health and disease.

Ivy Yiyi Zhu, Alec Lloyd, William R Critchley, Queen Saikia, Dhananjay Jade, Aysha Divan, Elton Zeqiraj, Michael A Harrison, Christopher J Brown, Sreenivasan Ponnambalam

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The Biochemical journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. S100A1 Promotes MDM2-Mediated KLF15 Ubiquitination to Regulate ID1-Driven Tubular Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ivy Yiyi ZhuSchool of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.ORCID 0009-0004-2407-0297
Alec LloydSchool of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
William R CritchleySchool of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.ORCID 0000-0002-2707-4080
Queen SaikiaSchool of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.ORCID 0009-0000-0138-4550
Dhananjay JadeSchool of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.ORCID 0000-0002-3009-5915
Aysha DivanSchool of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
Elton ZeqirajSchool of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.ORCID 0000-0003-0239-5926
Michael A HarrisonSchool of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.ORCID 0000-0002-7826-7472
Christopher J BrownInstitute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Sreenivasan PonnambalamSchool of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.ORCID 0000-0002-4452-7619

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Both mouse double-minute 2 (MDM2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and its closely related paralog, MDM4, which lacks E3 activity, play central roles in cellular homeostasis. MDM-linked dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of oncogenesis, primarily through targeting the tumor suppressor protein p53 for ubiquitination and degradation. Recent studies have revealed multifaceted roles of MDM proteins that are p53 independent with implications for their oncogenic properties. This review aims to provide an overview of MDM2 and MDM4, by assessing gene and protein structure and implications for protein-protein interactions and functions in cell and animal physiology. We also explore MDM2 and MDM4 role(s) in angiogenesis, a critical feature of solid tumor growth and progression. Finally, we discuss the current landscape in the development of MDM2 and MDM4 inhibitors for cancer therapy.

Indexed as

NeoplasmsNuclear ProteinsProto-Oncogene ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2AnimalsCell Cycle ProteinsHumansNeovascularization, PathologicTumor Suppressor Protein p53UbiquitinationCell Cycle ProteinsMDM2 protein, humanMDM4 protein, humanNuclear ProteinsProto-Oncogene ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2Tumor Suppressor Protein p5326S proteasomecancerE3 ubiquitin ligaseMDM2MDM4p53

Identifiers

PMID39960347
PMCPMC12096895

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.