ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025
Identification of Three Distinct Subgroups in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Implication for Sex Differences and Prognostic Outcomes from a Multicenter Study.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07757789 (Thrombocytopenia Trajectories as a Dynamic Biomarker of Clinical Severity and Survival in Antiphospholipid Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Thrombocytopenia Trajectories as a Dynamic Biomarker of Clinical Severity and Survival in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unsupervised clustering of clinical and laboratory features of systemic lupus erythematosus: insights from a multicentre cohort.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Identification of Three Distinct Subgroups in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Implication for Sex Differences and Prognostic Outcomes from a Multicenter Study.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. This study aimed to identify unrecognized APS subgroups from multicenter cohorts (n = 760, training: n = 415; validation: n = 345). Patients are stratified through unsupervised K-means clustering analysis. Prognostic outcomes are evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Proteomic analysis is conducted on primary APS patients (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 12). Key molecule insulin-like growth factor 1 is validated using ELISA. Three clusters are identified. Cluster 1 (n = 320, 42.1%) is completely consisted of females (100%), with predominant occurrence of pregnancy morbidity (88.8%) but low incidences of thrombocytopenia (18.4%) and thrombosis (15.0%), and a favorable prognosis. Cluster 2 (n = 309, 40.7%) is predominantly female (99.4%) and characterized by high thrombosis (85.8%) and thrombocytopenia (46.6%), low pregnancy morbidity (13.6%), and poor prognosis. Cluster 3 (n = 131, 17.2%) is predominantly male (99.2%), exhibiting highest thrombosis (96.2%) and moderate thrombocytopenia (32.8%), with worst prognosis. Immunological and proteomic analyses clearly differentiated three clusters. This study reveals a distinct difference between obstetric and thrombotic APS, and a sex-based distinction within thrombotic APS. Three APS subgroups display unique clinical and molecular characteristics, and marked difference in prognostic outcomes.
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Registered trials
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