Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39965994›Full record

ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2025

Utilization of precision medicine digital twins for drug discovery in Alzheimer's disease.

Yunxiao Ren, Andrew A Pieper, Feixiong Cheng

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. A strategic pathway for the ethical development of AI tools in dementia care.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Multi-scale digital twins for personalized medicine.Frontiers in digital health · 2026
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Emerging approaches to bridging discovery science with clinical care in Alzheimer's disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Yunxiao RenCleveland Clinic Genome Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Andrew A PieperDepartment of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44106, OH, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Feixiong ChengCleveland Clinic Genome Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: chengf@ccf.org.

Funding

Endophenotype Network-based Approaches to Prediction and Population-based Validation of In Silico Drug Repurposing for Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG066707 · NIA · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI Feixiong Cheng · 2020 to 2026
$4.9M
TREM2 Genotype-Informed Drug Repurposing and Combination Therapy Design for Alzheimer’s DiseaseR01AG076448 · NIA · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI Feixiong Cheng, Li Gan · 2022 to 2026
$4.0M
Alzheimer's MultiOme Data Repurposing: Artificial Intelligence, Network Medicine, and Therapeutics DiscoveryU01AG073323 · NIA · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI BEKRIS, LYNN, CHENG, FEIXIONG · 2021 to 2025
$4.0M
Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia-like Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Virus-Host Interactome, Neuropathobiology, and Drug RepurposingRF1AG082211 · NIA · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI CHENG, FEIXIONG, PIEPER, ANDREW A · 2023 to 2023
$2.4M
Characterize neuronal and glial cell-specific vulnerability to proteinopathies in Alzheimer's disease using multimodal single-nuclei genomic and epigenomic approachesR01AG082118 · NIA · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI BONAKDARPOUR, BORNA, CHENG, FEIXIONG · 2023 to 2025
$2.4M
Dark GPCR signaling underlying the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis for Alzheimer's Disease and Related DementiaRF1NS133812 · NINDS · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI BROWN, JONATHAN MARK, CHENG, FEIXIONG · 2023 to 2023
$2.3M
Microglial Activation and Inflammatory Endophenotypes Underlying Sex Differences of Alzheimer’s DiseaseR01AG084250 · NIA · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI Feixiong Cheng, Justin D. Lathia · 2023 to 2026
$2.2M
Multimodal single-cell genomic and epigenomic analyses elucidate Alzheimer’s sexual dimorphism in human immune systems agingR56AG074001 · NIA · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI BEKRIS, LYNN, CHENG, FEIXIONG · 2021 to 2021
$1.2M
Precision Medicine Digital Twins for Alzheimer’s Target and Drug Discovery and LongevityR21AG083003 · NIA · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI CHENG, FEIXIONG · 2023 to 2023
$483k
BLRD VA I01 BX005976NIA NIH HHS R01 AG066707NIA NIH HHS R01 AG076448NIA NIH HHS R01 AG082118NIA NIH HHS R01 AG084250NIA NIH HHS R21 AG083003NIA NIH HHS R56 AG074001NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG082211NIA NIH HHS U01 AG073323NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS133812
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents significant challenges in drug discovery and development due to its complex and poorly understood pathology and etiology. Digital twins (DTs) are recently developed virtual real-time representations of physical entities that enable rapid assessment of the bidirectional interaction between the virtual and physical domains. With recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and the growing accumulation of multi-omics and clinical data, application of DTs in healthcare is gaining traction. Digital twin technology, in the form of multiscale virtual models of patients or organ systems, can track health status in real time with continuous feedback, thereby driving model updates that enhance clinical decision-making. Here, we posit an additional role for DTs in drug discovery, with particular utility for complex diseases like AD. In this review, we discuss salient challenges in AD drug development, including complex disease pathology and comorbidities, difficulty in early diagnosis, and the current high failure rate of clinical trials. We also review DTs and discuss potential applications for predicting AD progression, discovering biomarkers, identifying new drug targets and opportunities for drug repurposing, facilitating clinical trials, and advancing precision medicine. Despite significant hurdles in this area, such as integration and standardization of dynamic medical data and issues of data security and privacy, DTs represent a promising approach for revolutionizing drug discovery in AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseDrug DiscoveryPrecision MedicineArtificial IntelligenceHumansAlzheimer's diseaseArtificial intelligence (AI)Digital twinsDrug discoveryDrug repurposingPrecision medicine

Identifiers

PMID39965994
PMCPMC12047495

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.