ReviewJournal of inflammation research2025
Inflammatory Response and Anti-Inflammatory Treatment in Persistent Inflammation-Immunosuppression-Catabolism Syndrome (PICS).
Review in Journal of inflammation research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Monocyte exhaustion associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.Autoimmunity · 2026Article
- Real-World Effectiveness of Ceftazidime-Avibactam for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pneumonia, Time-Stratified Risk Factors for Short- and Long-Term Mortality, and Inpatient Costs: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Temporal Discordance of the Inflammation, Catabolism and Immunosuppression Triad in Chronic Critical Illness.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Ramelteon and Mortality in Patients With Sepsis and Cancer: Insights From a Propensity-Matched Analysis of the MIMIC-IV Database.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Predictive model for vedolizumab efficacy in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis based on computed tomography-derived body compositions and nutritional inflammatory markers.World journal of radiology · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal dysfunction after brain injury: Mechanisms and the role of the brain-gut axis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation inhibits monocyte exhaustion memory formation during sepsis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Modulation of human neutrophil functions by hydroethanolic cladode extract of Opuntia ficus-indica: an in vitro experimental study.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- sTREM-1, HMGB1, CRP, PCT, sCD14-ST, IL-6, IL-10, sHLA-G, and Vitamin D in Relation to Clinical Scores and Survival in SIRS/Sepsis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Inflammation-Responsive Hydrogels in Perioperative Pain and Wound Management: Design Strategies and Emerging Potential.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Development and validation of a nomogram model for assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis from the perspective of PICS.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many patients now survive their initial critical events but subsequently develop chronic critical illness (CCI). CCI is characterized by prolonged hospital stays, poor outcomes, and significant long-term mortality. The incidence of chronic critical illness (CCI) is estimated to be 34.4 cases per 100,000 population. The incidence varies significantly with age, peaking at 82.1 cases per 100,000 in individuals aged 75-79. The one-year mortality rate among CCI patients approaches 50%. A subset of these patients enters a state of persistent inflammation, immune suppression, and ongoing catabolism, a condition termed persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS) in 2012. In recent years, some progress has been made in treating PICS. For instance, recent advancements such as the persistent expansion of MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) and the mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier dysfunction have provided new directions for therapeutic strategies, as discussed below. Persistent inflammation, a key feature of PICS, has received comparatively little research attention. In this review, we examine the potential pathophysiological changes and molecular mechanisms underlying persistent inflammation and its role in PICS. We also discuss current therapies about inflammation and offer recommendations for managing patients with PICS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.