ReviewBrain : a journal of neurology2025
The blood-brain barrier: a help and a hindrance.
Review in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Convergent blood-brain barrier breakdown in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review of preclinical animal models.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Pooled it
- Role of the WNT signalling pathway in physiological and pathological blood-brain barrier.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- The Impact of Antigen Presentation on BBB Disruption and Neuroinflammation.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Animal models of multi-infarct dementia: Methodological approaches, neuropathology, functional outcomes, and translational relevance.Experimental neurology · 2026Review
- Establishment of an in vitro human blood-brain barrier model for antiviral screening against neurotropic viruses.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Review
- Post-translational modifications in Neuroimmune cells during neuroinflammation: integrated regulatory networks and therapeutic opportunities.Biology direct · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune interactions: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Advanced glycation end products drive blood-brain barrier lipid dysregulation via RAGE-ABCA1 signaling to promote neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cyanobacteria-derived near-infrared autofluorescent exosomes enabling synergistic brain lesion imaging and neuroprotection.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling of FIX in Pediatric Hemophilia B: Extravascular Distribution and Dosing Optimization.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis-Driven Drug Repurposing with a Self-Nanoemulsifying Delivery System for Parkinson's Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Towards Structural Restoration: Epigenetic Reprogramming and Direct Astrocyte-to-Neuron Lineage Conversion as Next-Generation Regenerative Neurotherapeutics.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Shared and disease-specific human brain vascular signatures in Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and Huntington's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Photobiomodulation restores blood-brain barrier integrity after hypoxia via endothelial von Willebrand factor modulation in a humanised tricellular transwell model.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Urea nitrogen levels in postmortem serum, vitreous humor, and cerebrospinal fluid.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Engineered Exosomes in Precision Neuro-Oncology: Mechanisms, Therapeutics, and Translational Challenges.Cancers · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic characters of cochlear vascular cells with pericyte-driven angiogenetic activity.Angiogenesis · 2026Article
- A blood-brain barrier model based on flexible tubes to tailor the biophysical and chemical environment for drug delivery testing.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized vascular structure that protects the brain micro-environment from toxins and pathogens in the blood. At the same time, the BBB presents a significant challenge for drug development, as it restricts the entry of most therapeutics into the brain. In this review, we first examine recent findings on the molecular and cellular architecture of the BBB, emphasizing the diverse mechanisms that facilitate the transport and exchange of molecules between the blood and the brain. We discuss current knowledge on the heterogeneity of the BBB along the arteriovenous axis and across different brain regions. Then, we explore the molecular and functional changes in the BBB that occur during normal ageing, neurodegeneration and acute brain injuries, and how prolonged BBB impairment affects transport mechanisms and disease progression. Additionally, we discuss novel developments in drug delivery strategies to transport small molecules, biologicals or cellular therapeutics across the BBB. Finally, we examine therapeutic opportunities to restore the BBB and discuss future directions in the field.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.