ArticleDiscover oncology2025
Targeting autophagy in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer: randomized phase II trial of hydroxychloroquine with chemotherapy with biomarker correlation.
Article in Discover oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cellular senescence and regulated cell death in cancer: mechanisms, cross-regulatory networks and therapeutic implications.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- PD-L1 in Ovarian Cancer: Immune Evasion, Tumor-Intrinsic Signaling, and Chemoresistance.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Autophagy modulation in cancer.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Article
- Autophagy in Ovarian Cancer, an Opportunity or an Additional Threat?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Structure-Activity Relationship Studies Enable Optimization of a Small-Molecule Autophagy Activator and Evaluation of Effects on Cell Death Pathways.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Autophagy initiation inhibition combined with chemotherapy reverses drug resistance in oral cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Autophagy modulation in gynaecologic oncology: insights into immune regulation and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment: mechanisms of crosstalk between regulated cell death macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hydroxychloroquine's diverse targets: a new frontier in precision medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAutophagy activation contributes to chemotherapy resistance in several cancers, including ovarian cancer. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an autophagy inhibitor inhibiting the fusion of the autophagosome with the lysosome and has been repurposed as an anti-cancer agent. In this randomized phase II study, we used HCQ in combination with standard chemotherapy in platinum sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer (PSROC) patients.
methodsPatients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive standard chemotherapy (carboplatin with paclitaxel/gemcitabine) with or without HCQ. Those randomized to receive HCQ received additional HCQ 200mg orally twice daily. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR). Other endpoints included survival outcomes, changes in autophagy biomarkers, toxicity, and quality of life.
resultsA total of 59 patients were enrolled- chemotherapy + HCQ (N = 28), chemotherapy alone (N = 31), and 56 were evaluable ( received ≥ 3 cycles treatment). The ORR was not superior with the addition of HCQ [85% (22/26) in the experimental arm as compared to 80% (24/30) in the control arm, chi-square test, P = 0.65]. The median progression-free survival was 12 (95% CI, 9.75-14.24) months for the experimental arm and 11 (95% CI, 5.25-16.74) months for the control arm (P = 0.56) , and the median overall survival was 16 (95% CI, 8.54-23.45) months vs. 21 (95% CI, 11.70-30.59 ) months (P = 0.49) respectively. HCQ was well tolerated, with no excess adverse events [21 (75%) in the experimental arm vs. 22 (71%) in the control arm]. There were no substantial differences in the reduction of autophagy biomarker levels and QOL between the control and experimental arms.
conclusionAdding HCQ to chemotherapy failed to improve response rates or survival in patients with PSROC. Conducting biomarker-stratified clinical trials might show the potential benefit of HCQ. Trial registration number (TRN): The trial was registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India ( www.ctri.nic.in ; CTRI/2020/06/025790) on 17th June 2020.
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