ArticleArXiv2025
Classification of Major Depressive Disorder Using Vertex-Wise Brain Sulcal Depth, Curvature, and Thickness with a Deep and a Shallow Learning Model.
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88 authors.
Roberto Goya-MaldonadoLaboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIP-Lab), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
Tracy Erwin-GrabnerLaboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIP-Lab), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
Ling-Li ZengCollege of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
Christopher R K ChingImaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90274, USA.
Andre AlemanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Alyssa R AmodDepartment of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Zeynep BasgozeDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Francesco BenedettiDivision of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
Bianca BesteherDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Katharina BroschDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Rudolf Bultmann Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany.
Robin BülowInstitute for Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Romain ColleMOODS Team, CESP, INSERM U1018, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94275, France.
Colm G ConnollyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL, USA.
Emmanuelle CorrubleMOODS Team, CESP, INSERM U1018, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94275, France.
Baptiste Couvy-DuchesneSorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France.
Kathryn CullenDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Udo DannlowskiInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Christopher G DaveyMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Annemiek DolsDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jan ErnstingInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Jennifer W EvansExperimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute for Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Lukas FischInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Paola Fuentes-ClaramonteFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Ali Saffet GonulSoCAT Lab, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
Ian H GotlibDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Hans J GrabeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Nynke A GroenewoldDepartment of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Dominik GrotegerdInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Tim HahnInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
J Paul HamiltonCenter for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Laura K M HanCentre for Youth Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Ben J HarrisonMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Tiffany C HoDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Neda JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90274, USA.
Alec J JamiesonMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Andriana KarukFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Tilo KircherDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Rudolf Bultmann Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany.
Bonnie Klimes-DouganDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Sheri-Michelle KoopowitzDepartment of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Thomas LancasterCardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Ramona LeeningsInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Meng LiDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
David E J LindenCardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Frank P MacMasterDepartments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
David M A MehlerInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Susanne MeinertInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Elisa MelloniDivision of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
Bryon A MuellerDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Benson MwangiCenter Of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA.
Igor NenadićDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Rudolf Bultmann Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany.
Amar OjhaCenter for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Yasumasa OkamotoDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Mardien L OudegaDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Brenda W J H PenninxDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Sara PolettiDivision of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
Edith Pomarol-ClotetFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Maria J PortellaSant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
Elena PozziCentre for Youth Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Joaquim RaduaImaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
Elena Rodríguez-CanoFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Matthew D SacchetMeditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Raymond SalvadorFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Anouk SchranteeAmsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Kang SimWest Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
Jair C SoaresCenter Of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA.
Aleix SolanesImaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
Dan J SteinDepartment of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Frederike SteinDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Rudolf Bultmann Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany.
Aleks StolicynDivision of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Sophia I ThomopoulosImaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90274, USA.
Yara J ToendersCentre for Youth Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Aslihan Uyar-DemirSoCAT Lab, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
Eduard VietaHospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Yolanda Vives-GilabertIntelligent Data Analysis Laboratory (IDAL), Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
Henry VölzkeInstitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Martin WalterDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Heather C WhalleyDivision of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Sarah WhittleMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Nils WinterInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Katharina WittfeldDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Margaret J WrightClinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
Mon-Ju WuCenter Of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA.
Tony T YangDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Carlos ZarateSection on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Dick J VeltmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Lianne SchmaalCentre for Youth Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90274, USA.
ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group
Funding
Tumor Evolution and Metastasis ProgramP30CA016672 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI DIANE BODURKA · 1985 to 2026
$290.8MClinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001872 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI COLLARD, HAROLD R, JACOBY, VANESSA · 2016 to 2025
$112.1MGlutamatergic Modulators for Rapid & Sustained Antidepressant EffectZIAMH002857 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI ZARATE, CARLOS · 2009 to 2025
$55.0MZOOMED FUNCT IMAGING IN HUMAN BRAIN AT 7T W/ SIMULT HIGH SPATIAL &TEMPORAL RESP41RR008079 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI UGURBIL, KAMIL · 1993 to 2011
$16.3MTraining U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MPsychobiological Mechanisms Underlying the Association Between Early Life Stress and Depression Across AdolescenceR37MH101495 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI IAN H GOTLIB · 2018 to 2026
$6.6MNeuroimmune Mechanisms of Recovery from Comorbid Depression and Chronic PainR01NS073939 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI DANTZER, ROBERT, HEIJNEN, COBI J · 2011 to 2020
$4.0MThe Metabolic Basis of Cancer-Related FatigueR01CA193522 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI DANTZER, ROBERT · 2015 to 2023
$3.8MA Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Functional MRI Study of Adolescent DepressionR01MH085734 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI YANG, TONY TUNG-I · 2010 to 2014
$2.7MGenetic influences on the brain: A twin imaging studyR01HD050735 · NICHD · QUEENSLAND INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH · PI WRIGHT, MARGARET JANE · 2007 to 2011
$2.6MENIGMA-SD: Understanding Sex Differences in Global Mental Health through ENIGMAR01MH116147 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2018 to 2021
$2.5MNeural mechanisms of meditation training in healthy and depressed adolescents: An MRI connectome studyR33AT009864 · NCCIH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI YANG, TONY TUNG-I · 2022 to 2024
$1.9MIntramural NIH HHS ZIA MH002857NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001872NCCIH NIH HHS R21 AT009173NCCIH NIH HHS R33 AT009864NCCIH NIH HHS R61 AT009864NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016672NCI NIH HHS R01 CA193522NCRR NIH HHS P41 RR008079NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD050735NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH117442NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH090421NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH085734NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116147NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117601NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH125850NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH101495NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS073939
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric disorder that affects the lives of hundreds of millions of individuals around the globe. Even today, researchers debate if morphological alterations in the brain are linked to MDD, likely due to the heterogeneity of this disorder. The application of deep learning tools to neuroimaging data, capable of capturing complex non-linear patterns, has the potential to provide diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for MDD. However, previous attempts to demarcate MDD patients and healthy controls (HC) based on segmented cortical features via linear machine learning approaches have reported low accuracies. In this study, we used globally representative data from the ENIGMA-MDD working group containing 7,012 participants from 30 sites (N=2,772 MDD and N=4,240 HC), which allows a comprehensive analysis with generalizable results. Based on the hypothesis that integration of vertex-wise cortical features can improve classification performance, we evaluated the classification of a DenseNet and a Support Vector Machine (SVM), with the expectation that the former would outperform the latter. As we analyzed a multi-site sample, we additionally applied the ComBat harmonization tool to remove potential nuisance effects of site. We found that both classifiers exhibited close to chance performance (balanced accuracy DenseNet: 51%; SVM: 53%), when estimated on unseen sites. Slightly higher classification performance (balanced accuracy DenseNet: 58%; SVM: 55%) was found when the cross-validation folds contained subjects from all sites, indicating site effect. In conclusion, the integration of vertex-wise morphometric features and the use of the non-linear classifier did not lead to the differentiability between MDD and HC. Our results support the notion that MDD classification on this combination of features and classifiers is unfeasible. Future studies are needed to determine whether more sophisticated integration of information from other MRI modalities such as fMRI and DWI will lead to a higher performance in this diagnostic task.
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39975425PMC
PMC11838705What Socratic holds
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