Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39976255›Full record

ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2025

Clinical Features of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-65 Neurological Autoimmunity: A Case Series From China.

Zhandong Qiu, Fang Xu, Mengyao Zhang, Xixi Yang, Yan Han, Dawei Li, Liang Liu, Jia Chen, Lehong Gao, Qing Xue and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Zhandong QiuDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.ORCID 0009-0003-4746-0207
Fang XuDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Mengyao ZhangDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Xixi YangDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Yan HanDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Dawei LiDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Liang LiuDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Jia ChenDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Lehong GaoDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Qing XueDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Yue HouDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Ying SunDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Li DiDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Chunqiu FanDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Junhua LiangDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Yue HanDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Huiqing DongDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Junwei HaoDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
Zheng LiuDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.

Funding

parallel project 5 of Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program，BRWEP BRWEPparallel project 5 of Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program，BRWEP grantnumber,2024W022010105;parallelproject5"ClinicalTrialsofInnovativeimmunomodulationandcelltherapyforNeurologicalDiseasesparallel project 5 of Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program，BRWEP grantnumber,BRWEP2024W022010105
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo explore the clinical phenotypes, characteristics, immunotherapy response, and outcomes of glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65) neurological autoimmunity.

methodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with GAD65 neurological autoimmunity in the Department of Neurology at Xuanwu Hospital over the past 6 years (2017-2023). The clinical and laboratory data, imaging, therapeutic response, and long-term prognosis of those patients were collected and analyzed.

resultsAmong the 37 patients displaying significant neurological impairment, there were 14 males (37.8%) and 23 females (62.2%), with a median age of onset of 41.5 (25-59) years and a median interval of 9 (1.5-36) months from onset to a definitive diagnosis. Clinical phenotypes included epilepsy (15, 40.5%), limbic encephalitis (7, 18.9%), brainstem dysfunction (2, 5.4%), parkinsonism (2, 5.4%), peripheral neuropathy (3, 8.1%), cerebellar ataxia (1, 2.7%), and overlap syndromes (7, 18.9%). Out of 36 patients who received immunotherapy, the median time from onset to initiation of immunotherapy was 8.5 (1.5-37.5) months. Four cases were lost to follow-up, leaving a median follow-up period of 20.5 (16-37.25) months among the remaining 32 patients. Most patients (26, 81.3%) responded positively to immunotherapy, with some showing mild improvement or no response. Some patients showed inadequate responses to treatments such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), but significant improvement is observed after switching to rituximab (RTX). The relationship between the timing of initiating immunotherapy and prognosis by Spearman's rank correlation only showed weak correlation.

conclusionThe clinical spectrum of GAD65 neurological autoimmunity appeared highly diverse. Immunotherapy can benefit the majority of patients, and early treatment appeared to be associated with good prognosis. RTX may be more effective than MMF; however, this requires more rigorous prospective studies to explore.

Indexed as

AutoantibodiesAutoimmune Diseases of the Nervous SystemAutoimmunityGlutamate DecarboxylaseAdultChinaFemaleHumansImmunotherapyMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesAutoantibodiesGlutamate Decarboxylaseepilepsyglutamic acid decarboxylase‐65immunotherapylimbic encephalitisrituximab

Identifiers

PMID39976255
PMCPMC11840705

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.