ReviewJournal of inorganic biochemistry2025
Heme and immunity: The heme oxygenase dichotomy.
Review in Journal of inorganic biochemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Asperosaponin VI Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Liver Injury Through the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Bafilomycin A1 is a promising therapeutic agent against T. spiralis infection by inhibiting the heme-transporting ATP6V0C/HRG-1 complex.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Heme, an iron containing organic ring, is required for a diverse range of biological processes across all forms of life. Although this nutrient is essential, its pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties can lead to cellular damage. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored enzyme that degrades heme, releasing equimolar amounts of carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin (BV), and iron. The induction of HO-1 by heme presents an interesting dichotomy in the cell: CO and BV possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties while free iron can be detrimental as it can generate hydroxyl radicals through the Fenton reaction. The heme/HO-1 axis is tightly regulated, and can influence cell fate, local tissue environments, and disease outcomes during pathogen infection. In this review we explore the role of heme during macrophage polarization and its ability to act as an immune activator while also examining the contribution of HO-1 and heme during infections with intracellular and extracellular pathogens. We highlight work from the emerging field of nutritional immunity of heme and iron, and how the substrates and byproducts of heme metabolism via HO-1 can be beneficial to the host or the pathogen depending on the context.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.