Evidence mapPaperPMID 39979870Full record

SynthesisBMC medical research methodology2025

A systematic review of mediation analysis frameworks in studies examining the determinants of cardiometabolic outcomes in people living with HIV.

Peter Vanes Ebasone, Nasheeta Peer, Anastase Dzudie, Merveille Foaleng, Johney Melpsa, Andre Pascal Kengne

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC medical research methodology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Peter Vanes EbasoneDepartment of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. petervanes2006@gmail.com.
Nasheeta PeerDepartment of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Anastase DzudieClinical Research Education Networking and Consultancy (CRENC), Yaounde, Cameroon.
Merveille FoalengClinical Research Education Networking and Consultancy (CRENC), Yaounde, Cameroon.
Johney MelpsaClinical Research Education Networking and Consultancy (CRENC), Yaounde, Cameroon.
Andre Pascal KengneDepartment of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Funding

European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership TMA2017 GSF- 1962- CaDERAL
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMediation analysis provides a more flexible mechanistic view of the causal relationship between HIV-related factors and cardiometabolic diseases. However, there is limited evidence on how mediation analysis is implemented in this specific research area. We aimed to describe the frameworks used in mediation analysis and examine how these analyses are conducted and reported in studies focusing on cardiometabolic outcomes among people living with HIV (PLWH).

methodsFollowing the PRISMA 2020 Guidelines, we comprehensively searched Medline, CINAHL, Africa-Wide Information and SCOPUS to identify observational studies that employed mediation analysis before October 2023. Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility. One reviewer performed data extraction, and two others reviewed the extracted information.

resultsNine studies met the inclusion criteria, predominantly focusing on the mediation effects of weight and obesity-related factors on the relationship between HIV serostatus, ART, and cardiometabolic outcomes. The review revealed a diverse application of both traditional and causal mediation frameworks. However, inconsistencies and gaps in reporting were noted, particularly in handling missing data, detailing identifiability assumptions, and the use of sensitivity analyses.

conclusionWhile some studies of cardiometabolic risks among PLWH have embraced causal mediation frameworks, their overall application remains limited. In addition, we identified notable inconsistencies and gaps in reporting practices. To advance the field, researchers should not only integrate more rigorous causal mediation methods but also closely follow established reporting guidelines, such as the AGReMA Statement, to ensure greater transparency, reliability, and impact of future research.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesHIV InfectionsMediation AnalysisCardiometabolic Risk FactorsHumansObservational Studies as TopicAntiretroviral TherapyCardiometabolic DiseasesEpidemiological ResearchHIV InfectionMediation Analysis

Identifiers

PMID39979870
PMCPMC11844112

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.