Evidence mapPaperPMID 39984695Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2025

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure: mechanisms and sex-specific differences.

Sepiso K Masenga, Nelson Wandira, Giuliana Cattivelli-Murdoch, Mohammad Saleem, Heather Beasley, Antentor Hinton, Lale A Ertuglu, Naome Mwesigwa, Thomas R Kleyman, Annet Kirabo

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Sex differences in the progression of salt-sensitive hypertension in aged Dahl salt-sensitive rats.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Maresin 1 modulates renal and cardiac lipid profiles in hypertensive rats.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sepiso K MasengaHAND research Group, Department of Pathology and Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia. sepisomasenga@gmail.com.
Nelson WandiraVanderbilt Mater of Public Health Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Giuliana Cattivelli-MurdochFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Centro Médico Bautista, Asunción, Paraguay.
Mohammad SaleemDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8091-8361
Heather BeasleyDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Antentor HintonDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Lale A ErtugluDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Naome MwesigwaDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Thomas R KleymanRenal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2413-5415
Annet KiraboVanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. annet.kirabo@vumc.org.ORCID 0000-0001-8580-9359

Funding

Immune Mechanisms of Salt-Sensitive hypertensionR01HL144941 · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · 2025 to 2025
$572k
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL144941
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in individuals with or without hypertension. However, the mechanisms and management of SSBP remain unclear, mainly because the diagnosis of this condition relies on salt loading-depletion protocols that are not feasible in the clinic. The prevalence of hypertension is lower in premenopausal women than in men, but this sex-specific difference is reversed after menopause. Whether excessive SSBP in women at any age contributes to this reversal is unknown, but many clinical studies that have rigorously assessed for SSBP using salt loading-depletion protocols have confirmed that SSBP is more prevalent in women than in men, including during premenopausal age. In this Review, we discuss sex-specific mechanisms of SSBP. We describe sex-related differences in renal transporters, hypertensive pregnancy, SSBP in autoimmune disorders and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways, and highlight limitations and lessons learned from Dahl salt-sensitive rat models.

Indexed as

Blood PressureHypertensionSodium Chloride, DietaryAnimalsFemaleHumansMalePregnancyRats, Inbred DahlRisk FactorsSex FactorsSodium Chloride, Dietary

Identifiers

PMID39984695
PMCPMC13227966

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.