Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39987321›Full record

ArticleInfectious diseases and therapy2025

The Risk of Herpes Zoster in Patients with Depressive Disorders: A German Claims Database Analysis.

Pavo Marijic, Julian Witte, Bastian Surmann, Manuel Batram, Johannes Hain, Christian Rauschert, Marie Nishimwe, Christian Maihöfner, Helmut Schöfer, Philipp Stahl and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Pavo MarijicGSK, Munich, Germany. pavo.x.marijic@gsk.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-7296
Julian WitteVandage, Detmolder Straße 30, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-323X
Bastian SurmannVandage, Detmolder Straße 30, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1655-0907
Manuel BatramVandage, Detmolder Straße 30, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4445-965X
Johannes HainGSK, Munich, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-418X
Christian RauschertGSK, Munich, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2555-5347
Marie NishimweGSK, Rueil Malmaison, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4161-6285
Christian MaihöfnerGeneral Fürth Hospital, University of Erlangen, Klinikum Fürth, Jakob-Henle-Str. 1, 90766, Fürth, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-8271
Helmut SchöferDKD-Helios Hospital Wiesbaden, German Hospital for Diagnostics, Aukammallee 33, 65191, Wiesbaden, Germany.
Philipp StahlPractice Meinecke & Stahl, Bahnhofstraße 22, 39288, Burg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1101-6353
Ursula MarschallDepartment Medicine/Health Care Research, BARMER, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-2607-8996
Christiane HermannJustus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5969-2898

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPatients with depression were shown to be at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ). However, an in-depth description of depression as a risk factor for HZ, postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), and HZ recurrence is lacking. The goal of this study was to quantify the risk of HZ, PHN, and HZ recurrence in people with depression and among depression-related subgroups in Germany.

methodsUsing health insurance claims data from 2012 to 2021 from a large German claims database, people ≥ 18 years old diagnosed with depression were identified and matched to control persons without depression using a rolling cohort design. Incidence rates (cases per 1000 person-years [PYs]) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated using Poisson models.

resultsOverall, 1,768,701 people with depression were matched to controls without depression. HZ incidence rates were higher in people with depression (10.51 cases/1000 PYs) than in people without depression (9.04 cases/1000 PYs). Overall, people with depression had a significantly increased risk of HZ (IRR = 1.16; p < 0.0001), PHN (IRR = 1.16; p < 0.0001), and HZ recurrence (IRR = 1.22; p < 0.0001). IRRs were highest in the 18 to 49 years age group (IRR HZ = 1.24; p < 0.0001; IRR PHN = 1.35; p < 0.0001). IRRs for HZ were highest in people with mental disorder comorbidities (IRR = 1.23; p < 0.0001).

conclusionsA diagnosis of depression is associated with an increased risk of HZ, PHN, and HZ recurrence. People with depression should be considered when developing HZ vaccination recommendations.

Indexed as

DepressionGermanyHealthcare claims dataHerpes zosterIncidencePostherpetic neuralgiaRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID39987321
PMCPMC11933624

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.