Evidence mapPaperPMID 39997498Full record

ReviewJournal of cardiovascular development and disease2025

ANOCA, INOCA, MINOCA: The New Frontier of Coronary Syndromes.

Antonio L M Parlati, Ermanno Nardi, Vincenzo Sucato, Cristina Madaudo, Giulio Leo, Tanisha Rajah, Federica Marzano, Maria Prastaro, Paola Gargiulo, Stefania Paolillo and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Observational
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Women's cardiovascular health in 2025:Saudi medical journal · 2026
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Coronary artery spasm in cardiac arrest survivors.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy in patients with cardiovascular disease.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2025
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Antonio L M ParlatiDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.ORCID 0009-0005-2297-7845
Ermanno NardiDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9735-4224
Vincenzo SucatoDivision of Cardiology, Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Maternal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialties (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", Paolo Giaccone Hospital, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9514-1575
Cristina MadaudoDivision of Cardiology, Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Maternal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialties (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", Paolo Giaccone Hospital, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9151-4335
Giulio LeoCardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy.ORCID 0009-0008-5875-1487
Tanisha RajahBirmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Federica MarzanoDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Maria PrastaroDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Paola GargiuloDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Stefania PaolilloDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Giuseppe VadalàDivision of Cardiology, Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Maternal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialties (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", Paolo Giaccone Hospital, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0869-4855
Alfredo Ruggero GalassiDivision of Cardiology, Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Maternal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialties (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", Paolo Giaccone Hospital, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9366-2251
Pasquale Perrone FilardiDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The growing prevalence in the diagnosis of INOCA (Ischemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries), ANOCA (Angina with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries), and MINOCA (Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries) highlights the need to reassess their clinical relevance. Historically regarded as benign syndromes, emerging evidence suggests that these conditions may cause serious cardiovascular events and considerable long-term disability. Additionally, emerging studies suggest that non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) may have a higher prevalence compared to traditional obstructive forms of CAD. This leads to the need to better clarify the underlying pathogenic mechanisms as well as the risk factors associated with these syndromes. This is precisely the aim of this review, which focuses on the complex and heterogeneous mechanisms underlying these syndromes as well as the associated risk factors. This review also sums up the diagnostic steps necessary to achieve an accurate diagnosis, along with the interventional and pharmacological approaches to be implemented in light of the latest evidence.

Indexed as

ANOCAIHDINOCAMINOCA

Identifiers

PMID39997498
PMCPMC11856364

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.