Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39998162›Full record

ArticlemBio2025

Low-dose interleukin 2 therapy halts the progression of post-streptococcal autoimmune complications in a rat model of rheumatic heart disease.

Rukshan Ahamed Mohamed Rafeek, Natkunam Ketheesan, Michael F Good, Manisha Pandey, Ailin Lepletier

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in mBio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Valve biology and rheumatic heart disease pathogenesis.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rukshan Ahamed Mohamed RafeekSchool of Science and Technology, University of New England, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-7190-9666
Natkunam KetheesanSchool of Science and Technology, University of New England, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4870-706X
Michael F Good *Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8212-248X
Manisha Pandey *School of Science and Technology, University of New England, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4151-699X
Ailin Lepletier *School of Science and Technology, University of New England, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-1371-7313

Funding

DHAC | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) APP1160379DHAC | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) APP2010336DHAC | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) GNT1174091Griffith University Internal Grant
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune disease triggered by antibodies and T cells targeting the group A IMPORTANCE: Post-streptococcal autoimmune syndromes, including acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, and Sydenham's chorea, represent a significant yet often under-recognized health and economic burden. This is especially true in low-income countries and among Indigenous populations in high-income nations, where the disease burden is most severe. These conditions arise from an autoimmune response to group A

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesInterleukin-2Rheumatic Heart DiseaseStreptococcal InfectionsAnimalsAntigens, BacterialBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsCarrier ProteinsDisease Models, AnimalDisease ProgressionRatsRats, Inbred LewStreptococcus pyogenesAntigens, BacterialBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsCarrier ProteinsInterleukin-2streptococcal M proteinacute rheumatic feverautoimmune diseasesgroup A streptococcusimmunotherapylow-dose interleukin-2rheumatic heart disease

Identifiers

PMID39998162
PMCPMC11980396

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.