Evidence mapPaperPMID 39998741Full record

ReviewHigh blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension2025

2024 consensus document of the Italian Society of Arterial Hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Prevention (SIPREC): update on LDL cholesterol lowering in patients with arterial hypertension.

Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Agostino Virdis, Giuliano Tocci, Claudio Borghi, Arrigo F G Cicero, Claudio Ferri, Matteo Pirro, Alberto Corsini, Massimo Volpe

Abstract readConsensus StatementReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Maria Lorenza MuiesanDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and 2a Medicina-ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy. marialorenza.muiesan@unibs.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-9441
Agostino VirdisDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6994-0223
Giuliano TocciDivision of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0635-4921
Claudio BorghiCardiovascular Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8039-8781
Arrigo F G CiceroCardiovascular Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4367-3884
Claudio FerriDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-2503
Matteo PirroInternal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5527-4821
Alberto CorsiniDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9912-9482
Massimo VolpeDivision of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9642-8380

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia often occur in the same individuals, increasing the risk of major cardiovascular (CV) outcomes, including myocardial infarction, stroke, CV death, as well as other CV complications. Concomitant management of these condition now represent a crucial step to reduce individual global CV risk and improve CV disease prevention in daily clinical practice. Given the high prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in general population and their impact on health status, several pharmacological options are currently available to achieve the recommended therapeutic targets. These drugs, mostly including statins, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) inhibitors and inclisiran, can be used either in monotherapies or in combination therapies, with different clinical indications, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability profile. Decision among different drug classes and dosages, as well as choice between monotherapy or combination therapy (fixed or free), largely depend on individual global CV risk profile and therapeutic targets of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels to be achieved under pharmacological therapy. The present consensus document represents an update of the previous document published on 2022 and endorsed by the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Prevention (SIPREC). Here we propose a novel paradigm for the treatment of the patients with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia at high or very high cardiovascular risk. In addition, the pharmacological properties, and the clinical efficacy of novel agents recently approved for a tailored therapy of hypercholesterolemia in patients with atherosclerotic CV disease, including PCSK9 inhibitors and bempedoic acid, will be summarized.

Indexed as

Anticholesteremic AgentsAntihypertensive AgentsArterial PressureCholesterol, LDLHypercholesterolemiaHypertensionBiomarkersConsensusHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansItalyProprotein Convertase 9Risk AssessmentRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeAnticholesteremic AgentsAntihypertensive AgentsBiomarkersCholesterol, LDLPCSK9 protein, humanProprotein Convertase 9Bempedoic acidBlood pressureCardiovascular mortalityCardiovascular riskDyslipidaemiaEzetimibeHypertensionInclisiranLow-density lipoprotein cholesterolPCSK9iStatinsTotal cholesterol

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.