ArticleCancers2025
Cytokine-Induced Killer Cell Immunotherapy Reduces Recurrence in Patients with Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Article in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Adjuvant cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: real-world data and 9-year extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Trial
- Clinical application of cytokine-induced killer cells in cancer immunotherapy.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- HBV reprograms the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Evolving roles of systemic therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies.Journal of liver cancer · 2025Article
- Bile acid metabolism and hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms of drug resistance and intervention strategies.Precision clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesCytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy has shown promise in reducing recurrence and improving survival outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of CIK cell therapy in a real-world clinical setting.
methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 49 patients who received CIK cell therapy after curative resection or radiofrequency ablation, compared with 49 matched control patients via 1:1 propensity score matching. The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS), and the secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS).
resultsThe median follow-up durations were 19.1 months for the immune cell group and 67.7 months for the control group. In univariable analysis, the immune cell group demonstrated a prolonged RFS than the control group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15-0.71; log-rank
conclusionsAdjuvant CIK cell immunotherapy after curative treatment significantly prolongs RFS in early-stage HCC patients. Further research regarding the broader applications of CIK cell immunotherapy in HCC is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.