ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2025
Disruption in Autonomic Nervous Activity Is Associated With Central and Peripheral-Level in Dry Eye With Unstable Tear Film.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Activation of Sympathetic Nervous System Drives Dry Eye Onset Via Norepinephrine-β2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To measure autonomic nerve activity (ANA) in several eye conditions and verify whether ANA modulation is regulated by peripheral or central control in short tear film break-up time dry eye (sBUTDE). Methods: This study included 23 eyes of 23 patients with sBUTDE (mean age 55.2 ± 16.1 years; range 21-88 years) and 24 eyes of 24 age-matched non-dry eye (DE) controls. An ANA measurement, personality questionnaire, and Ocular Surface Disease Index were administered. ANA was continuously measured for 10 minutes under three conditions: eyes closed, eyes open, and eyes open under ocular surface anesthesia. Results: The low-frequency (LF)/high-frequency (HF) ratio (LF/HF) with eyes closed was significantly higher in the sBUTDE group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In the sBUTDE group, HF increased and LF/HF decreased with eye opening compared with those in the control group; HF with eyes open decreased with ocular surface anesthesia and reached the same level as that in the control group. Among patients where HF decreased or LF/HF increased with eye opening, 57.1% or 64.3% showed a tendency to return to the ANA state with eyes closed by ocular surface anesthesia, respectively. Factors associated with DE symptoms included break-up time, HF with eyes open, and "openness" (P < 0.05). Conclusions: ANA modulation can be caused by peripheral, central, or mixed abnormalities in sBUTDE. Furthermore, personality traits may play a role in symptom induction. Understanding the pathogenesis of sBUTDE may aid in the treatment of cases that are refractory to conventional treatments.
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