Evidence mapPaperPMID 40015725Full record

ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2025

Differential use of antidiabetic medication related to income, cohabitation and area of residence: a Swedish nationwide cohort study.

Paulina Jonéus, Björn Pasternak, Ingvild Odsbu, Carolyn E Cesta, Rino Bellocco, Ylva Trolle Lagerros, Laura Pazzagli

Abstract read
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Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Paulina JonéusClinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0236-4716
Björn PasternakClinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2097-8466
Ingvild OdsbuDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5337-8619
Carolyn E CestaCentre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-9366
Rino BelloccoUniversità degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2538-0287
Ylva Trolle LagerrosDepartment of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6816-7577
Laura PazzagliClinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden laura.pazzagli@ki.se.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1908-6073

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPoor adherence to antidiabetic medication in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) may lead to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with non-adherence have been mainly identified via cross-sectional studies. To investigate the association between antidiabetic medication adherence and income, cohabitation and area of residence.

methodsRegister-based cohort study of individuals with T2D living in Sweden and initiating antidiabetic treatment between 2006 and 2022. Confounding adjustment and competing events were accounted for via inverse probability of treatment and censoring weighting. Exposures were disposable income, social income support, cohabitation status and area of residence. Outcomes were antidiabetic medication adherence during the first year from treatment initiation and treatment interruption at 12 and 60 months.

resultsThis study included 594 918 individuals with T2D. Low disposable income (adjusted OR: 1.18, 95% CI: (1.14 to 1.21)), social income support (1.09, (1.05 to 1.14)), living in large cities (1.28, (1.24 to 1.31)) and cohabitation (1.09, (1.06 to 1.11)) were associated with non-adherence (proportion of days covered ≤0.2), as compared with high adherence (proportion of days covered >0.8). Consistently, treatment interruption was associated with social income support (relative risk ratio at 12 months: 1.10, (1.06 to 1.14) and at 60 months 1.02 (1.00 to 1.05)), living in large cities (1.13, (1.12 to 1.14); 1.08, (1.07 to 1.08)) and low income (1.05, (1.03 to 1.07); 1.01, (1.00 to 1.02)).

conclusionsLow income levels, cohabitation and living in large cities were associated with non-adherence to antidiabetic medication and risk of treatment interruption. The results highlight the need for targeted interventions aiming at improving adherence to treatments both at patient and healthcare system levels.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsIncomeMedication AdherenceResidence CharacteristicsAdultAgedCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRegistriesSocioeconomic FactorsSwedenHypoglycemic AgentsDIABETES MELLITUSDRUG PRESCRIPTIONSHealth inequalitiesLONGITUDINAL STUDIESPHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY

Identifiers

PMID40015725
PMCPMC12322451

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.