Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40016693›Full record

ArticleBMC medical education2025

The Pre-Medical Health Coach (PHC) program: pre-medical students as volunteer health coaches at a safety-net hospital in California, 2016-2020.

Emma B Shak, Lyn Berry, Bryant Chow, Sharone Abramowitz, Kala M Mehta

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Emma B ShakDepartment of Medicine, UC San Francisco, Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco Department of Medical Affairs, 401 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA. Emma.shak@ucsf.edu.
Lyn BerryDepartment of Medicine, Highland Hospital, Alameda Health System, (emeritus) 1411 E. 31st Street, Oakland, CA, 94602, USA.
Bryant ChowCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University, 1310 Club Dr, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA.
Sharone AbramowitzDepartment of Medicine, Highland Hospital, Alameda Health System, (emeritus) 1411 E. 31st Street, Oakland, CA, 94602, USA.
Kala M MehtaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.

Funding

SF BUILD: Enabling Students to Represnt in ScienceUL1GM118985 · NIGMS · SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI MARQUEZ-MAGANA, LETICIA MARIA, MORRIS, MEGHAN D · 2015 to 2023
$18.2M
SF BUILD: Enabling Students to Represent in ScienceTL4GM118986 · NIGMS · SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI MARQUEZ-MAGANA, LETICIA MARIA, MORRIS, MEGHAN D · 2015 to 2022
$5.4M
SF BUILD: Enabling Students to Represent in ScienceRL5GM118984 · NIGMS · SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI MARQUEZ-MAGANA, LETICIA MARIA, MORRIS, MEGHAN D · 2015 to 2023
$5.2M
National Institute for General Medical Disciplines U54 GM118986NIGMS NIH HHS RL5 GM118984NIGMS NIH HHS TL4 GM118986NIGMS NIH HHS UL1 GM118985NIH Common Fund UL1 GM118985; TL4 GM118986; RL5GM118984
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe volunteer Pre-Medical Health Coach (PHC) program engages student volunteers, in team-based primary care providing self-management support to patients with chronic conditions. Both the PHCs and the patients they serve are diverse. The aims of this study are to assess the impact of the PHC program on student outcomes and patient biomarkers.

methodsAll PHCs were students recruited from local universities, interviewed, then trained in motivational interviewing and evidence-based chronic disease self-management support. The 22 PHCs were diverse - 8 (36.3%) were underrepresented in medicine and 2 (9%) were first generation in college. The study setting was a public safety-net adult medicine outpatient clinic in Oakland, California. PHCs spent 5 h weekly, for 1-3 years, volunteering alongside primary care residents and faculty. Duties included: (1) observing the doctor-patient interview, (2) on-site health coaching, and (3) telephone follow-up. An internal medicine physician and a licensed clinical social worker supervised the program. Surveys were implemented to understand program impacts and career trajectories of the 22 PHCs and health action plans were reviewed over 4 years. In addition, a focus group was conducted with the PHCs using a deductive approach.

resultsTwo years after completing the program, 90.9% of the PHCs were still on the path to health professions programs, 50% had applied to medical school, and 18.2% started medical training. Qualitative impacts on coaches included significant clinical exposure, meaningful connection with patients, 'bridging' between the community and health care system and having a more holistic view on health. Patient biomarkers included a decrease in hemoglobin A1c level by 1% point in diabetic patients with diabetes-focused action plans, and smoking-focused action plans led to decreased smoking or cessation.

conclusionsThe Pre-Medical Health Coach (PHC) program may benefit both PHCs and patients. PHCs were diverse and providing chronic disease self-management support to patients in a safety-net health care system. This program could be readily adapted in health care systems nationwide to increase diverse entrants to the healthcare workforce.

Indexed as

Education, PremedicalMentoringSafety-net ProvidersVolunteersAdultCaliforniaChronic DiseaseFemaleFocus GroupsHumansMalePrimary Health CareProgram EvaluationChronic disease self-managementEthnicityHealth coachHealth professionsPre-medical studentRaceUnderrepresented in medicine

Identifiers

PMID40016693
PMCPMC11869730

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.