ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025
Carnitine supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine formation in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Carnitine dysregulation in diabetic kidney disease: from pathogenic mechanism to precision biomarker.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- The impact of sports supplements on metabolism, glycemic control, and lipid profile in adolescents and young adults: a narrative review.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2026Review
- L-carnitine in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Serum carnitine and cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study identifying pancreatic cancer as a modifiable metabolic target.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Pharmacological Treatment of MASLD: Contemporary Treatment and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Carnitine supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine formation in patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Associations of first-trimester TMAO and its precursors with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aim/hypothesisRecently, we reported that increasing free carnitine availability resulted in elevated skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine concentrations and restored metabolic flexibility in individuals who have impaired glucose tolerance. Metabolic flexibility is defined as the capacity to switch from predominantly fat oxidation while fasted to carbohydrate oxidation while insulin stimulated. Here we investigated if carnitine supplementation enhances the capacity of skeletal muscle to form acetylcarnitine and thereby improves insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
methodsThirty-two patients followed a 12-week L-carnitine treatment (2970 mg/day, orally). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. In vivo skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine concentrations at rest and post-exercise (30 min, 70% W
resultsCompliance with the carnitine supplementation was good (as indicated by increased plasma-free carnitine levels (p < 0.01) and pill count (97.1 ± 0.7%)). Insulin-induced suppression of endogenous glucose production (31.9 ± 2.9 vs. 39.9 ± 3.2%, p = 0.020) and peripheral insulin sensitivity (Δ rate of glucose disappearance (ΔR
conclusionCarnitine supplementation improved insulin sensitivity and tended to lower IHL and fasting plasma glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, carnitine supplementation increased acetylcarnitine concentration in muscle, which may underlie the beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity.
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