Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40020686›Full record

ArticleCell genomics2025

Transfer learning reveals sequence determinants of the quantitative response to transcription factor dosage.

Sahin Naqvi, Seungsoo Kim, Saman Tabatabaee, Anusri Pampari, Anshul Kundaje, Jonathan K Pritchard, Joanna Wysocka

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell genomics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sahin NaqviDepartments of Chemical and Systems Biology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: sahin.naqvi@childrens.harvard.edu.
Seungsoo KimDepartments of Chemical and Systems Biology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Saman TabatabaeeDepartments of Chemical and Systems Biology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Anusri PampariDepartment of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Anshul KundajeDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Jonathan K PritchardDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: pritch@stanford.edu.
Joanna WysockaDepartments of Chemical and Systems Biology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: wysocka@stanford.edu.

Funding

Integration of genetic association mapping and functional data to elucidate genetic mechanisms of diseaseR01HG008140 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JONATHAN K PRITCHARD · 2016 to 2026
$7.3M
Uncovering fundamentals of gene regulation by enhancersR35GM131757 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Joanna Wysocka · 2019 to 2026
$3.1M
Mapping and prediction of quantitative transcription factor dosage effects to understand variation in craniofacial morphology and diseaseR00DE032729 · NIDCR · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI Sahin Naqvi · 2024 to 2026
$747k
Mapping and prediction of quantitative transcription factor dosage effects to understand variation in craniofacial morphology and diseaseK99DE032729 · NIDCR · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI NAQVI, SAHIN · 2023 to 2024
$248k
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG008140NIDCR NIH HHS K99 DE032729NIDCR NIH HHS R00 DE032729NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM131757
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Deep learning models have advanced our ability to predict cell-type-specific chromatin patterns from transcription factor (TF) binding motifs, but their application to perturbed contexts remains limited. We applied transfer learning to predict how concentrations of the dosage-sensitive TFs TWIST1 and SOX9 affect regulatory element (RE) chromatin accessibility in facial progenitor cells, achieving near-experimental accuracy. High-affinity motifs that allow for heterotypic TF co-binding and are concentrated at the center of REs buffer against quantitative changes in TF dosage and predict unperturbed accessibility. Conversely, low-affinity or homotypic binding motifs distributed throughout REs drive sensitive responses with minimal impact on unperturbed accessibility. Both buffering and sensitizing features display purifying selection signatures. We validated these sequence features through reporter assays and demonstrated that TF-nucleosome competition can explain low-affinity motifs' sensitizing effects. This combination of transfer learning and quantitative chromatin response measurements provides a novel approach for uncovering additional layers of the cis-regulatory code.

Indexed as

Deep LearningSOX9 Transcription FactorTranscription FactorsAnimalsBinding SitesChromatinHumansMiceNucleosomesProtein BindingChromatinNucleosomesSOX9 Transcription FactorTranscription Factorschromatin accessibilitydeep learningdegronsgene dosagegene regulationmotif affinitynucleosomestranscription factors

Identifiers

PMID40020686
PMCPMC11960506

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.