Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40025686›Full record

Trial reportPsychological medicine2025

A network approach exploring the effects of cognitive remediation on cognition, symptoms, and functioning in early psychosis.

Andrew J Watson, Dominic Stringer, Andrew Pickles, Paul McCrone, Clare Reeder, Max Birchwood, David Fowler, Kathryn Greenwood, Sonia Johnson, Jesus Perez and 9 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Psychological medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Andrew J WatsonInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Dominic StringerInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Andrew PicklesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Paul McCroneSchool of Health Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
Clare ReederInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Max BirchwoodWarwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
David FowlerSchool of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Kathryn GreenwoodSchool of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Sonia JohnsonFaculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
Jesus PerezInstitute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Andrew ThompsonWarwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Rachel UpthegroveSchool of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Jon WilsonNorfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.
Alex KennyInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Iris IsokInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Balaji SuseendraboseInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Eileen M JoyceUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
Til WykesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Matteo CellaInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-0336

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough cognitive remediation (CR) improves cognition and functioning, the key features that promote or inhibit its effectiveness, especially between cognitive domains, remain unknown. Discovering these key features will help to develop CR for more impact.

aimTo identify interrelations between cognition, symptoms, and functioning, using a novel network analysis approach and how CR affects these recovery outcomes.

methodsA secondary analysis of randomized controlled trial data (N = 165) of CR in early psychosis. Regularized partial correlation networks were estimated, including symptoms, cognition, and functioning, for pre-, post-treatment, and change over time. Pre- and post-CR networks were compared on global strength, structure, edge invariance, and centrality invariance.

resultsCognition, negative, and positive symptoms were separable constructs, with symptoms showing independent relationships with cognition. Negative symptoms were central to the CR networks and most strongly associated with change in functioning. Verbal and visual learning improvement showed independent relationships to improved social functioning and negative symptoms. Only visual learning improvement was positively associated with personal goal achievement. Pre- and post-CR networks did not differ in structure (M = 0.20, p = 0.45) but differed in global strength, reflecting greater overall connectivity in the post-CR network (S = 0.91, p = 0.03).

conclusionsNegative symptoms influenced network changes following therapy, and their reduction was linked to improvement in verbal and visual learning following CR. Independent relationships between visual and verbal learning and functioning suggest that they may be key intervention targets to enhance social and occupational functioning.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionCognitive RemediationPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaAdolescentAdultCognitionFemaleHumansMaleTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultCognitive TrainingEarly InterventionNetwork AnalysisPsychosisRecovery

Identifiers

PMID40025686
PMCPMC12080661

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.