ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2025
Global burden of reported lower respiratory system fungal infection.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global burden of lower respiratory infections associated with antimicrobial resistance: insights from the Global Burden of Disease 2021.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- New insight into the epidemiological trends of respiratory syncytial virus infection and the underlying anti-respiratory syncytial virus mechanisms of andrographolide: integrating Global Burden of Disease database, network pharmacological analysis, andMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal disease in children with hematological malignancies after chemotherapy: Challenges and strategies (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The epidemiological trend of lower respiratory tract fungal infections remains unclear. This study aims to quantify the global burden of these infections from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Methods: Data were analyzed at global, regional, and national levels, considering factors such as age, gender, region, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Key indicators included age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year (ASDR) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR). Results: On a global scale, the burden of lower respiratory fungal infections decreased significantly from 1990 to 2021, with a decline in mortality rates. Regionally, substantial disparities were observed among the 21 geographic super-regions. Nationally, Argentina experienced the greatest increase in ASDR and ASMR, while Finland showed the largest decrease, with average annual percentage changes (AAPC) below -5 for both indicators. Sex-based analysis revealed a notably higher burden in males compared to females. ASDR and ASMR were negatively correlated with SDI in most regions. Conclusion: Although the global burden of lower respiratory tract fungal infections has decreased, it remains a substantial public health issue, particularly in low-SDI regions. There is an urgent need to implement targeted preventive measures to address this ongoing challenge.
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