ArticleBMJ open2025
Combined healthy lifestyle score and odds of rheumatoid arthritis in Iranian adults: a nested case-control from PERSIAN Dena Cohort Study (PDCS).
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Physical Activity for Human and Planetary Health: Incorporating Green Exercise in the Management of Rheumatic Disease.Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesLifestyle factors play a significant role in the development of chronic diseases. While researchers have extensively studied individual lifestyle components, the combined impact of multiple lifestyle factors on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between a Combined Healthy Lifestyle Score (CHLS) and the odds of developing RA among Iranian adults.
designA nested case-control study.
settingThe study was conducted in Dena County (Sisakht region) near Yasuj city, Iran, as part of the PERSIAN Cohort Study.
participants130 RA cases and 260 matched controls, aged 35-70 years. Cases were identified based on biochemical tests and rheumatologist consultation. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was the odds of RA. Secondary outcomes included anthropometric measurements (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference) and dietary quality indicators.
methodsThe CHLS score was calculated based on four parameters: smoking status, physical activity level, BMI and dietary quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2020. Scores ranged from 0 (representing the unhealthiest lifestyle) to 4 (representing the healthiest lifestyle). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between CHLS and the odds of developing RA.
resultsParticipants with higher CHLS exhibited significantly lower BMI and waist circumference compared with those with lower scores. Additionally, higher CHLS was associated with greater consumption of fruits and whole grains (p<0.05). Individuals with the highest CHLS had 90% lower odds of developing RA compared with those with the lowest scores (OR 0.105; 95% CI 0.024 to 0.461, p trend=0.001), after adjusting for potential confounders.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that adherence to a healthy lifestyle-characterised by non-smoking, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal BMI and following a healthy dietary pattern-is associated with reduced odds of developing RA among Iranian adults. The results of this study underscore the potential importance of combined lifestyle modifications in the prevention of RA. These insights emphasise the value of promoting comprehensive lifestyle changes as a strategy to mitigate RA risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.