Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40034304›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2025

A cross-sectional study of laboratory parameters 5-6 months after the first COVID-19 infection.

Taja Zore, Jasna Lojk, Katarina Reberšek, Elizabeta Božnar Alič, Urška Čegovnik Primožič, Alenka France Štiglic, Aleš Jerin, Irena Prodan Žitnik, Helena Podgornik, Nada Snoj and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Taja ZoreDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Jasna LojkClinical Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa Cesta 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Katarina ReberšekDepartment of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Elizabeta Božnar AličClinical Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa Cesta 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Urška Čegovnik PrimožičClinical Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa Cesta 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Alenka France ŠtiglicClinical Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa Cesta 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Aleš JerinDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Irena Prodan ŽitnikDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Helena PodgornikDepartment of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Nada SnojClinical Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa Cesta 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Barbara OstanekDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Gabriele TurelDepartment of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Japljeva Ulica 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Tatjana Lejko ZupancDepartment of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Japljeva Ulica 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Janja MarcDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Darko ČerneClinical Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa Cesta 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: Despite extensive study of COVID-19 disease, only a few studies also addressed the aftermath of the disease and potential long-term consequences. The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19 resolution through the cross-sectional analysis of an extensive range of haematological and biochemical laboratory parameters and to find potential markers still associated with disease severity 5-6-months post infection. Methods: In this study, we analysed 92 routine biochemical, haematological and immunological parameters in 75 non-vaccinated patients 5-6 months after recorded first time SARS-CoV-2 infection without reinfection. Demographic and disease severity data were obtained through surveys. Results: The majority of analysed parameters were within the normal reference intervals, however, statistically significant correlations with the disease severity were detected in 15 parameters: B lymphocytes, NK cells, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-1β, cortisol, ferritin, SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgM antibodies, Na, Cl, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, HbA1c and alpha 2 and beta 2 globulin fractions of the proteinogram. Conclusions: Although most observed parameters returned to their normal reference intervals, significant correlations were still observed with disease severity, that could indicate either the pre-infection baseline state which affected disease outcome or minor remaining alterations in function of certain organs, pertaining their stress or damage during the acute phase of the disease.

Indexed as

COVID-19Disease severityLaboratory parametersResolutionSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID40034304
PMCPMC11872526

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.