Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40035205›Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

Regional trends and disparities in newer GLP1 receptor agonist initiation among real-world adult patients eligible for obesity treatment.

Rotana M Radwan, Yao An Lee, Pareeta Kotecha, Davene R Wright, Inmaculada Hernandez, Ronald Ramon, William T Donahoo, Yong Chen, John M Allen, Jiang Bian and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Sleep and obesity-known interactions and open questions.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the context of cancer: the road ahead.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025 · on this map
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Rotana M RadwanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0061-0637
Yao An LeeDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Pareeta KotechaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4864-9662
Davene R WrightDepartment of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Inmaculada HernandezDivision of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA.
Ronald RamonUniversity of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
William T DonahooDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Yong ChenDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
John M AllenDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Jiang BianDepartment of Biostatistics & Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Jingchuan GuoDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9799-2592

Funding

Supplement of NIDDK R01 newer GLDs and Clinical OutcomesR01DK133465 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI GUO, JINGCHUAN, SHAO, HUI · 2022 to 2025
$2.8M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK133465the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) R01DK133465
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo characterize trends in the initiation of newer anti-obesity medications (AOMs) and determine factors associated with their use among obese/overweight populations. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis study utilized electronic health record data from OneFlorida+ (2015-2024). Adults eligible for AOMs were included, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m

resultsOf 319,949 adults, 1.8% initiated newer AOMs. Semaglutide accounted for 77.9% of initiations, tirzepatide 19.7% and liraglutide 17.8%. Initiation trends showed liraglutide uptake peaked at 5% in 2018 but declined afterward, while semaglutide and tirzepatide uptake increased exponentially since 2022. Odds of initiation were lower for Black (aOR [95% CI]: 0.87 [0.80-0.94]) and Hispanic (0.84 [0.78-0.91]) groups versus Whites, and for Medicaid (0.69 [0.63-0.76]) and uninsured (0.81 [0.74-0.87]) patients versus privately insured. Higher odds were associated with being female, middle-aged, having more outpatient visits and visiting endocrinologists.

conclusionsThe initiation of newer AOMs among overweight and obese populations remains low, but uptake has increased exponentially since 2022. Our findings reveal significant disparities in obesity care, highlighting the importance of addressing inequities in AOM access to improve obesity outcomes.

Indexed as

Anti-Obesity AgentsGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHealthcare DisparitiesObesityAdultBody Mass IndexFemaleGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like PeptidesHumansLiraglutideMaleMiddle AgedSemaglutideUnited StatesAnti-Obesity AgentsGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like PeptidesLiraglutideSemaglutideanti‐obesity medicationsGLP1 receptor agonistshealth disparitiesobesity

Identifiers

PMID40035205
PMCPMC12049259

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.