ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2025
Exposure to Lead and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: A Swedish Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interpretable Machine Learning in Heavy Metal-Associated Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease: A Review of Current Methodologies, Toxicological Insights, and Clinical Implications.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- The mediating role of vascular age in the association between blood metals and atherosclerosis from Manganese-exposed workers healthy cohort.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Toxic Metals in a Green Transition: Global Health Risks, Sources, and Policy Responses-Insights from the Munich Toxic Metals Symposium 2025.Annals of global health · 2026Review
- Lead exposure increases the risk of retinal vein occlusion: a population-based analysis and investigation of PRICKLE4/PLCXD1-mediated endothelial cell mechanisms.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Essential and Toxic Elements in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological Roles and the Emerging Contribution of Hair Mineral Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Sociodemographic determinants and temporal variability of blood lead levels (2003-2019) in a pooled analysis of nine studies in four European countries.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Mechanisms of Lead Toxicity in Living Organisms.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLead is an established causal risk factor for coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis may be the key mediator for this association, but evidence from studies in humans is limited. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that environmental lead exposure is associated with coronary atherosclerosis.
methodsWe used cross-sectional data from the SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study), including 5627 men and women aged 50 to 64 years. Coronary artery calcium score (CACS), measured using computed tomography, was used as a marker of atherosclerosis, and blood lead was used as a biomarker of lead exposure. The prevalence ratio (PR) of positive (>0) and high (≥100) CACSs in relation to blood lead (continuous variable) was modeled using Poisson regression with robust SEs, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio, waist circumference, heredity for cardiovascular diseases, statin use, diabetes, blood cadmium, low physical activity, and educational level.
resultsMedian blood lead was 14.2 μg/L. Positive CACS (prevalence, 41%) was not significantly associated with blood lead (PR per Δ10 μg/L, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.99-1.04]), whereas the association was stronger for high CACS (prevalence, 13%; and PR per Δ10 μg/L, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.00-1.11]). The estimate for high CACS was stronger in men (PR per Δ10 μg/L, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.01-1.13]) than among women (PR per Δ10 μg/L, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.85-1.20]).
conclusionsOur study, which found that lead is associated with coronary artery calcification in men, provides further evidence that lead is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
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