ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2025
The saponin monophosphoryl lipid A nanoparticle adjuvant induces dose-dependent HIV vaccine responses in nonhuman primates.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibody-mediated targeting of SOSIP HIV-1 Env to skin Langerhans cells potentiates humoral responses.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Decoding epitope immunodominance in HIV Env using cryoEM and machine learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Adjuvants MPLA and SMNP induce antiviral immunity and indirectly revert HIV-1 latency.PloS one · 2026Article
- The challenge of one billion adjuvanted vaccine doses: evaluating scalability, sustainability, and supply capacity of Quillaja saponin QS-21 for large-scale vaccine demand.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Scale-up and cGMP manufacturing of next-generation vaccine adjuvant saponin/MPLA nanoParticles (SMNP).Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Article
- Vaccination with an mRNA-encoded membrane-bound HIV envelope trimer induces neutralizing antibodies in animal models.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Transient pain and long-term gain: adjuvant dose directs immune memory.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- From bark to bench: innovations in QS-21 adjuvant characterization and manufacturing.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Emerging novel methodologies to understand and strategically target long-lived plasma cells in vaccine design to induce durable immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
28 authors.
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Abstract
Induction of durable protective immune responses is the main goal of prophylactic vaccines, and adjuvants play a role as drivers of such responses. Despite advances in vaccine strategies, development of a safe and effective HIV vaccine remains a significant challenge. Use of an appropriate adjuvant is crucial to the success of HIV vaccines. Here we assessed the saponin/MPLA nanoparticle (SMNP) adjuvant with an HIV envelope (Env) trimer, evaluating the safety and effect of multiple variables - including adjuvant dose (16-fold dose range), immunization route, and adjuvant composition - on the establishment of Env-specific memory T and B cell (TMem and BMem) responses and long-lived plasma cells in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Robust BMem were detected in all groups, but a 6-fold increase was observed in the highest- versus the lowest-SMNP-dose group. Similarly, stronger vaccine responses were induced by the highest SMNP dose in CD40L+OX40+ CD4+ TMem (11-fold), IFN-γ+ CD4+ TMem (15-fold), IL21+ CD4+ TMem (9-fold), circulating T follicular helper cells (TFH; 3.6-fold), BM plasma cells (7-fold), and binding IgG (1.3-fold). Substantial tier 2 neutralizing antibodies were only observed in the higher-SMNP-dose groups. These investigations highlight the dose-dependent potency of SMNP and its relevance for human use and next-generation vaccines.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.