ArticleFood science & nutrition2025
Association Between Atherogenic, Thrombogenic, and Lipophilic Indices and the Odds of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Case-Control Study.
Article in Food science & nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between serum lipid levels and the risk of diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Assessment of buffalo and bovine ghee authenticity using fatty acid profile analysis and FTIR spectroscopy.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- Potential Association Between Atherogenic Coefficient, Prognostic Nutritional Index, and Various Obesity Indices in Diabetic Nephropathy.Nutrients · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The quality of fats in the diet affects the development of chronic kidney disease. In this study, we aimed to understand the relationship between dietary fat markers and the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM).In this case retrospective study, 309 patients with T2DM (151 with DN, and 158 without DN) were included. A 147 item questionnaire measuring food frequency and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used. Anthropometric indices, and biochemical factors were measured or recorded from the patient's files. Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), atherogenic, thrombogenic, and lipophilic indices were calculated. Modified nutritionist IV software and the USDA composition table were used. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using a case-control design. Age, BMI, energy in Model 1 and physical activity, blood glucose, level of insulin, lipid profile, creatinine level, and CRP were adjusted as interventions in Model 2. Compared to control subjects, patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI), level of fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and creatinine as well as lower intakes of energy, carbohydrates, mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, and cholesterol compared to controls. After adjustment for possible confounders, patients in the highest quartile of the atherogenic (OR: 3.49, 95% CI: 1.65-7.41), thrombogenic (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.86-8.72), and lipophilic (OR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.62-7.52) indices had significantly higher odds of DN than those in the lowest quartile. There was a considerable relationship between higher dietary fat indices (including atherogenic, thrombogenic, and lipophilic indices) and a higher chance of developing nephropathy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.