Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40043691›Full record

ArticleCell metabolism2025

Brain dopamine responses to ultra-processed milkshakes are highly variable and not significantly related to adiposity in humans.

Valerie L Darcey, Juen Guo, Meible Chi, Stephanie T Chung, Amber B Courville, Isabelle Gallagher, Peter Herscovitch, Paule V Joseph, Rebecca Howard, Melissa La Noire and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. The role of ultra-processed food in obesity.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. The battle over "food addiction".Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Valerie L DarceyIntegrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Juen GuoIntegrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Meible ChiIntegrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Stephanie T ChungDiabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Amber B CourvilleHuman Energy and Body Weight Regulation Core, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Isabelle GallagherIntegrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Peter HerscovitchPositron Emission Tomography Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Paule V JosephSection of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Smell and Taste Center, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Rebecca HowardIntegrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Melissa La NoireIntegrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Lauren MilleyIntegrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Alex SchickIntegrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Michael StaglianoIntegrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Sara TurnerNutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Nicholas UrbanskiIntegrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Shanna YangNutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Nan ZhaiIntegrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Megan S ZhouIntegrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Kevin D HallIntegrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: kevin.hall@nih.gov.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ultra-processed foods high in fat and sugar have been theorized to be addictive due to their purported ability to induce an exaggerated post-ingestive brain dopamine response akin to drugs of abuse. Using [

Indexed as

AdiposityBrainDopamineAdultBody Mass IndexCorpus StriatumFemaleHumansMalePositron-Emission TomographyRacloprideYoung AdultDopamineRaclopride[(11)C]raclopridebraincontrolled feedingdopaminehigh fathigh sugarmilkshakeobesityPETultra-processed

Identifiers

PMID40043691

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.