Evidence mapPaperPMID 40044928Full record

ReviewJournal of human hypertension2025

RAAS inhibitors in pregnancy, breastfeeding and women of childbearing potential: a review of national and international clinical practice guidelines.

Caitlin Greenlees, Christian Delles

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of human hypertension, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Caitlin GreenleesSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-1964-2724
Christian DellesSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. Christian.Delles@glasgow.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-2612

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Globally prevalent conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are frequently and effectively treated with blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as a first line treatment in the UK and worldwide. RAAS blockers are prohibited in pregnancy due to their adverse fetal effects. We reviewed clinical guidelines from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) on the management of cardiovascular and kidney disease with RAAS blockers in pregnancy, with other UK, European and American guidance as comparators. Whilst guidelines agree on the strict avoidance of RAAS blockers in pregnancy, nuanced considerations regarding prescription in women of childbearing potential, contraception, timing of RAAS blocker withdrawal and breastfeeding are not consistently addressed in clinical guidelines. We call for consistent wording and more explicit advice on RAAS blocker prescription in women of childbearing potential, in pregnancy and in the postpartum period in future iterations of clinical guidelines.

Indexed as

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAntihypertensive AgentsBreast FeedingHypertensionPractice Guidelines as TopicPregnancy Complications, CardiovascularRenin-Angiotensin SystemFemaleHumansPregnancyAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAntihypertensive Agents

Identifiers

PMID40044928
PMCPMC12069075

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.