ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025
Association between protein intake and sources in mid-pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between the dietary obesity-prevention score and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: an exploratory subgroup analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Dietary Mapping of Macronutrient Consumption Before Pregnancy Related to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The association between gestational diabetes mellitus and cancer in women: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary protein intake and sources in the second trimester of pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to further investigate the effects of total protein and animal protein intake on the risk of GDM.
methodsA case-control study was conducted, which involved 947 pregnant women in the second trimester from three hospitals in Jiangsu, China. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day 24-hour dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire. Two models (leave-one-out and partition models) in nutritional epidemiology were used for substitution analysis, and logistic regression was performed to explore the relationships, adjusting for multiple confounding factors.
resultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, total protein intake was negatively correlated with GDM risk (OR [95% CI], 0.10 [0.04-0.27]; P<0.001). Animal protein also negatively correlated with GDM risk, but this became insignificant when total calorie, carbohydrate and fat intake were added as covariates to the analysis (0.68 [0.34-1.34]; P = 0.263). No association was found between plant protein and GDM(1.04 [0.69-1.58]; P = 0.852). Replacing carbohydrates with an equal energy ratio(5% of total energy intake) of total protein, animal protein and plant protein respectively reduced the risk of GDM by 45%, 46% and 51%.
conclusionsThe intake of total protein and animal protein, especially eggs, dairy products, and fish, can reduce the risk of GDM while consuming unprocessed red meat increases the risk. There is no significant association between the intakes of plant protein, processed meat, and poultry meat and the occurrence of GDM. The results of this study are expected to provide a basis for precise nutritional education, health guidance during pregnancy, and early prevention of GDM.
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