Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40046430›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in neurology2024

Neurological sequelae of long COVID: a comprehensive review of diagnostic imaging, underlying mechanisms, and potential therapeutics.

Grant McGee Talkington, Paresh Kolluru, Timothy E Gressett, Saifudeen Ismael, Umar Meenakshi, Mariana Acquarone, Rebecca J Solch-Ottaiano, Amanda White, Blake Ouvrier, Kristina Paré and 9 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Observational
  6. Understanding the Impact of Long COVID on the Lives of Thai University Students.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Bridging Gaps in Long COVID Therapy: A Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Grant McGee TalkingtonDepartment of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Paresh KolluruTulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Timothy E GressettDepartment of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Saifudeen IsmaelDepartment of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Umar MeenakshiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Mariana AcquaroneDepartment of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Rebecca J Solch-OttaianoDepartment of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Amanda WhiteDepartment of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Blake OuvrierDepartment of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Kristina ParéDepartment of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Nicholas ParkerTulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Amanda WattersTulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Nabeela SiddeequeTulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Brooke SullivanTulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Nilesh GanguliTulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Victor Calero-HernandezTulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Gregory HallDepartment of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Michele LongoDepartment of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Gregory J BixDepartment of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.

Funding

NRSA Training CoreTL1TR003106 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI SAAG, KENNETH G · 2019 to 2023
$3.7M
NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR003106
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

One lingering effect of the COVID-19 pandemic created by SARS-CoV-2 is the emergence of Long COVID (LC), characterized by enduring neurological sequelae affecting a significant portion of survivors. This review provides a thorough analysis of these neurological disruptions with respect to cognitive dysfunction, which broadly manifest as chronic insomnia, fatigue, mood dysregulation, and cognitive impairments with respect to cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, we characterize how diagnostic tools such as PET, MRI, EEG, and ultrasonography provide critical insight into subtle neurological anomalies that may mechanistically explain the Long COVID disease phenotype. In this review, we explore the mechanistic hypotheses of these neurological changes, which describe CNS invasion, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and gut-brain axis dysregulation, along with the novel vascular disruption hypothesis that highlights endothelial dysfunction and hypoperfusion as a core underlying mechanism. We lastly evaluate the clinical treatment landscape, scrutinizing the efficacy of various therapeutic strategies ranging from antivirals to anti-inflammatory agents in mitigating the multifaceted symptoms of LC.

Indexed as

brain fogchronic insomnia in COVID-19cognitive impairmentlong COVIDneurological complicationpost-acute sequelae of COVID-19post-COVID fatigueSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID40046430
PMCPMC11881597

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.