ArticleHemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis2025
Concurrent Control of Sodium and Bicarbonate Serum Concentrations Using a Four-Stream Hemodialysis Fluid Delivery System.
Article in Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Concurrent Control of Sodium and Bicarbonate Serum Concentrations Using a Four-Stream Hemodialysis Fluid Delivery System.Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPreviously, two reports proposed a four-stream dialysis fluid delivery system consisting of an acid concentrate, a base concentrate, a sodium chloride concentrate, and product water for correcting dysnatremias and metabolic acid-base disorders separately, by hemodialysis.
methodsThis report describes a new method for the clinical use of the previously reported four-stream dialysis fluid delivery system to treat concurrently dysnatremias and metabolic acid-base disturbances by hemodialysis. Pumps attached to each concentrate are designed to control its flow rate. Formulas were derived to determine the flow rate of each of the pumps controlling the flows of the product water ( W ), the base concentrate ( B ), and the sodium chloride concentrate ( S ) for any prescribed combination of sodium and bicarbonate concentrations is the final dialysis fluid. In this scheme, the flow rate of the acid concentrate ( A ), the concentrations of its contents in the final dialysis fluid remain constant. The flow rate ratio W:S:B:A remains also constant at 45 (i.e., 45X).
resultsThe formulas were entered in an EXCEL flow sheet which determines the flow rate ratio W:S:B:A for any desired combination of sodium and bicarbonate concentrations in the dialysis fluid. The upper and lower limits of the concentrations of sodium and bicarbonate in the dialysis fluid were computed. The system has not been applied clinically. Measurements of any electrolyte concentrations have not been made. DISCUSSION: This system makes the treatment of profound dysnatremias, metabolic acid-base disorders, and combined dysnatremias and metabolic acid-base disorders feasible. The clinical application of the system demands prior in vitro or ex vivo studies plus fastidious and expert attention to ensure safe and dependable application.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.