Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40051144›Full record

ArticleAustralasian journal on ageing2025

Impact of functional level on cognitive function in adults aged 45 and older than 45 years in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Hyeongsuk Lee, Eunok Park

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Australasian journal on ageing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Hyeongsuk LeeCollege of Nursing, Research Institute of AI and Nursing Science, Gachon University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7597-3163
Eunok ParkCollege of Nursing, Health and Nursing Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, South Korea.

Funding

Jeju National University
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to analyse the potential factors affecting cognitive function, focusing on the functional level, by utilising longitudinal data from adults aged 45 years and older.

methodsThis was a secondary data analysis using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) covering multiple waves of the survey. Cognitive function was measured using the Korean mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE), and activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), diseases, hearing and visual impairments, and depression were included as independent variables. A fixed-effects model was used to assess the influence of independent variables on cognitive function over time.

resultsCognitive function, as measured using the K-MMSE, declined significantly, with the proportion of participants with normal cognition decreasing from 76% in the first wave to 68% in the eighth wave. Cognitive impairment and suspected dementia cases increased over time, and the average K-MMSE score dropped from 25.44 ± 5.31 to 24.71 ± 5.56. Panel regression analysis showed that impairments in ADL (b = -.44, p < .001) and IADL (b = -.64, p < .001), depression, and hearing and visual impairments were significantly associated with lower cognitive function. In addition, hypertension, cancer, heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents, psychiatric diseases and arthritis were significantly associated with cognitive decline. After adjusting for these factors, cognitive function still decreased significantly over time, explaining 75% of the variance in K-MMSE scores (R

conclusionsThis study confirmed that IADL and ADL predict cognitive impairment, with IADL limitation significantly contributing to cognitive decline in the study participants. Evaluating IADL, ADL, and other chronic health conditions in adults aged 45 and older can help identify individuals at risk for cognitive impairment.

Indexed as

Activities of Daily LivingAgingCognitionCognitive AgingCognitive DysfunctionFunctional StatusAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsDepressionFemaleGeriatric AssessmentHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMental Status and Dementia Testsactivities of daily livingagedcognitioncomorbiditiesquality of life

Identifiers

PMID40051144
PMCPMC11885896

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.