Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40053271›Full record

SynthesisCardiovascular toxicology2025

The Cardiotoxicity Risk of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Compared with Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.

Yingying Zheng, Zishen Liu, Dong Chen, Jingzhi Zhang, Mengqi Yuan, Yutong Zhang, Shiyu Liu, Ganlin Zhang, Guowang Yang

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Cardiovascular toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yingying Zheng *Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Zishen Liu *Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Dong Chen *Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Jingzhi ZhangDepartment of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Mengqi YuanDepartment of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yutong ZhangDepartment of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Shiyu LiuDepartment of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Ganlin ZhangDepartment of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. kalinezhang@163.com.
Guowang YangDepartment of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. guowang_yang@163.com.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality 7222270
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated favorable outcomes in various cancers. However, it has been observed that ICIs may induce life-threatening cardiovascular toxicity. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the risk of cardiovascular toxicities in patients exposed to ICIs or in combination with chemotherapy. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched from inception to September 24, 2023. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A meta-analysis was conducted on the risk of cardiotoxicity in cancer patients. Data were pooled with a random-effect model. This protocol was registered prospectively in PROSPERO (CRD42023467319). The primary outcome was cardiotoxicity risk in observational studies with ICIs or combined with chemotherapy. The risk factors that affected the occurrence of cardiovascular toxicities were also examined. ICIs or combined with chemotherapy increased the cardiotoxicity risk compared with mono-chemotherapy (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.05-2.06, p = 0.024). The risk of pericardial disease in cardiotoxic events (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.23-3.22, p = 0.005) and thromboembolic events (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.04-1.72, p = 0.025) was significantly increased. Smoking (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.12-1.39, p < 0.001), previous heart disease (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.64-2.46, p < 0.001), and lung cancer (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.26-1.69, p < 0.001) were risk factors worthy of attention. ICIs or combined with chemotherapy show an elevated risk of cardiovascular toxicities. Patients who are smoking, diagnosed lung cancer, and having prior medical history of heart diseases need more attention.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsHeart DiseasesImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsNeoplasmsAgedCardiotoxicityFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMaleMiddle AgedObservational Studies as TopicRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsCardiotoxicityChemotherapyImmune checkpoint inhibitorsMeta-analysis

Identifiers

PMID40053271

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.