Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40053775›Full record

SynthesisJournal of medical Internet research2025

Effectiveness of Digital Diabetes Management Technology on Blood Glucose in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at Home: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Yuping Xiao, Zhenzhen Wang, Lintao Zhang, Nina Xie, Fangyao Chen, Zihao Song, Sha Zhao

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Blood Glucose Monitoring Expert Group and Best Practice Recommendation-FITTER BiG.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yuping XiaoSchool of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7477-6783
Zhenzhen WangSchool of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3865-5255
Lintao ZhangAcupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9878-0149
Nina XieSchool of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6487-7119
Fangyao ChenSchool of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7433-9424
Zihao SongDepartment of Clinical Medicine of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5964-7675
Sha ZhaoXiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5254-1193

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) face elevated morbidity, mortality, and care costs. Digital self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) can automatically upload data to apps, share the data with health care providers, reduce errors, and aid long-term diabetes management.

objectiveThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of digital diabetes management techniques based on digital SMBG on blood glucose in patients with T2DM at home.

methodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database, and Cochrane Library for articles published from the establishment of each database to December 25, 2023. Data were extracted independently by 2 researchers (YX and NX), and the risk of bias in individual trials was rated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 (Cochrane).

resultsTwelve studies were included, involving 1669 participants. The meta-analysis found that in the digital diabetes management group, hemoglobin A

conclusionsDigital diabetes management has been shown to effectively improve blood glucose levels and BMI in individuals with T2DM in home settings. A key feature of successful digital health interventions is the frequent SMBG by patients, supported by dedicated health care professionals who provide timely, personalized, and responsive guidance.

trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42024560431; https://tinyurl.com/yfam3nms.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycated HemoglobinHumansMobile ApplicationsBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinblood glucose managementdigital diabetes managementhome monitoringmeta-analysispatientsPRISMAtype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40053775
PMCPMC11914849

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.