Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40054458›Full record

ReviewCell reports. Medicine2025

The gut microbiota-immune-brain axis: Therapeutic implications.

Kenneth J O'Riordan, Gerard M Moloney, Lily Keane, Gerard Clarke, John F Cryan

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cell reports. Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 227 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
227citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

227 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Trial
  8. [Preventive effect ofZhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026
    Trial
  9. Efficacy and Safety ofNutrients · 2026
    Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Gut microbes · 2026
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

167 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kenneth J O'RiordanAPC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.
Gerard M MoloneyAPC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Lily KeaneAPC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Gerard ClarkeAPC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
John F CryanAPC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: j.cryan@ucc.ie.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The microbiota-gut-brain axis has major implications for human health including gastrointestinal physiology, brain function, and behavior. The immune system represents a key pathway of communication along this axis with the microbiome implicated in neuroinflammation in health and disease. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms as to how the gut microbiota interacts with the brain, focusing on innate and adaptive immunity that are often disrupted in gut-brain axis disorders. We also consider the implications of these observations and how they can be advanced by interdisciplinary research. Leveraging an increased understanding of how these interactions regulate immunity has the potential to usher in a new era of precision neuropsychiatric clinical interventions for psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurological disorders.

Indexed as

BrainGastrointestinal MicrobiomeAdaptive ImmunityAnimalsHumansImmunity, Innateadaptive immunitygut microbiotainnate immunitymicrobiome-gut-immune-brain axis

Identifiers

PMID40054458
PMCPMC11970326

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.