Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40055475›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Self-referencing surface plasmon sensor for resolution enhancement.

Reza Kohandani, Simarjeet Saini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Reza KohandaniDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Simarjeet SainiDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada. sssaini@uwaterloo.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this paper, a self-referencing evanescent field sensor based on surface plasmon resonances is designed and fabricated. The sensor is based on sub-wavelength two-dimensional gold gratings and is optimized to detect changes in the surrounding refractive index for a water-like material. The sensor has a dedicated mode for self-referencing, which is isolated from the surrounding environment and can be used to correct errors due to temperature variations. To understand the important design parameters and optimize the sensor for best performance, many variations were fabricated and measured experimentally. Using a localized surface plasmon resonance dominant mode, a high sensitivity of 435 nm/RIU was achieved experimentally, while the self-referencing mode was successfully isolated from the surrounding environment within a refractive index range of 1.34 to 1.39. Further, we show that by incorporating the self-referencing mode into the sensitivity measurements, the resolution of the sensor can be improved by a factor of 3.6. This approach can be employed effectively for resolution enhancement of the plasmonic sensors in the presence of environmental variations.

Identifiers

PMID40055475
PMCPMC11889261

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.