Evidence mapPaperPMID 40055596Full record

ReviewBMC nephrology2025

Ketogenic diets and β-hydroxybutyrate in the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease: current progress and future perspectives.

Junle Li, Wanhong He, Qianshi Wu, Yuanyuan Qin, Changfang Luo, Zhuojun Dai, Yang Long, Pijun Yan, Wei Huang, Ling Cao

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BMC nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. [Metabolomics study on anti-inflammatory effects of Guanjie Zhentong Babu plaster in collagen-induced arthritis rats].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2026
    Article
  5. The Ketogenic Diet in Obesity Management: Friend or Foe?Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Junle Li *Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
Wanhong He *Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
Qianshi Wu *Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
Yuanyuan QinDepartment of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
Changfang LuoDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
Zhuojun DaiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
Yang LongDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
Pijun YanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
Wei HuangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China. huangwei1212520@swmu.edu.cn.
Ling CaoDepartment of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China. lzcaoling@163.com.

Funding

Graduate Education and Teaching Program of Southwest Medical University YJG202291grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82170834the China International medical foundation Z-2017-26-2202-4the Key Research and Development Program of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province 2022YFS0612the Key Research and Development Program of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province 2022YFS0617the Office of Science Technology and Talent Work of Luzhou 2020LZXNYDP02the Project of Southwest Medical University 2022QN059
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease. Ketogenic diets (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet. KD produces ketone bodies to supplement energy in the case of insufficient glucose in the body. β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is the main component of ketone bodies. BHB serves as "ancillary fuel" substituting (but also inducing) anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cardio-protective features by binding to several target proteins, including histone acylation modification, or G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). KD have been used to treat epilepsy, obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome, cancers, and other diseases. According to recent research, KD and the induced BHB delay DKD progression by improving the metabolism of glucose and lipids, regulating autophagy, as well as alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. However, due to some side-effects, the role and mechanism of action of KD and BHB in the prevention and treatment of DKD are controversial. This review focuses on recent progress in the research of KD and BHB in clinical and preclinical studies of DKD, and provides new perspectives for DKD treatment.

Indexed as

3-Hydroxybutyric AcidDiabetic NephropathiesDiet, KetogenicAnimalsHumans3-Hydroxybutyric AcidDiabetic kidney disease (DKD)Ketogenic diets (KD)β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB)

Identifiers

PMID40055596
PMCPMC11887203

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.