Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40055667›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025

Elevated prolactin levels before endometrial transformation negatively impact reproductive outcomes in frozen embryo transfer cycles under hormone replacement therapy.

Yaxin Wang, Fei Sheng, Li Cao, Jiaying Ni, Meishan Wang, Yan Yang, Jiating Wang, Jingyi Lu, Jian Zhou, Hongfang Shao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yaxin Wang *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Fei Sheng *Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Li Cao *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Jiaying NiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Meishan WangCenter of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Yan YangCenter of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Jiating WangCenter of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Jingyi LuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. jingyi.lu@shsmu.edu.cn.
Jian ZhouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. zhoujian@sjtu.edu.cn.
Hongfang ShaoCenter of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. hongfangshao@shsmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader 22XD1402300Shanghai Oriental Talent Program (Youth Project) NAthe Medical Alliance for Promotion and Promotion of Clinical Competence in Reproductive Medicine SHDC22022303-A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionProlactin (PRL) plays a key role in the regulation of reproductive functions. However, its impact on outcomes in infertility women undergoing assisted reproductive technology remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between PRL levels and reproductive outcomes in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles under hormone replacement therapy (HRT). MATERIALS AND

methodsA total of 1212 FET cycles under HRT were included from a single center in Shanghai between March 2013 and June 2023. PRL levels were measured on the day before progesterone-induced endometrial transformation and participants were stratified according to the near-quartiles cut-points of PRL. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between different PRL levels and reproductive outcomes.

resultsLive birth rate was significantly lower in the highest PRL group (> 20ng/ml) compared with the rest of the groups. In line with this, the multivariable adjusted ORs with ascending PRL categories (≤ 10.0 ng/ml, 10.1-15.0 ng/ml, 15.1-20.0 ng/ml, and > 20.0 ng/ml) for live birth rates were 1.07 (95%CI: 0.75-1.52), 1.00, 0.89 (95%CI: 0.63-1.24) and 0.53 (95%CI: 0.37-0.75), respectively. Furthermore, elevated PRL levels were also significantly associated with a reduced chance of clinical pregnancy and an increased risk of early miscarriage.

conclusionsHigh PRL levels before endometrial transformation are significantly associated with poor reproductive outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of measuring PRL during endometrial preparation in HRT-FET cycles, although PRL monitoring is not usually performed during this period in current clinical routine.

Indexed as

Embryo TransferHormone Replacement TherapyProlactinAdultChinaCryopreservationEndometriumFemaleHumansLive BirthPregnancyPregnancy RateProgesteroneRetrospective StudiesProgesteroneProlactinFrozen embryo transferHormone replacement therapyProlactinReproductive outcomes

Identifiers

PMID40055667
PMCPMC11887199

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.