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ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2025

Effect of sakuranetin against cyclophosphamide-induced immunodeficiency mice: role of IFN-γ/TNF-α/IgG/IgM/interleukins.

Khalid Saad Alharbi, Sattam Khulaif Alenezi, Tariq Alsahli, Muhammad Afzal, Mohammad Jaffar Sadiq Mantargi, Imran Kazmi, Nadeem Sayyed

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Highly efficient chitinase production fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Khalid Saad AlharbiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Sattam Khulaif AleneziDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Tariq AlsahliDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, 72341, Saudi Arabia.
Muhammad AfzalDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia. mohmmad.afzal@bmc.edu.sa.
Mohammad Jaffar Sadiq MantargiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia.
Imran KazmiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Nadeem SayyedDr. R. G. Bhoyar Institute of Pharmacy, Wardha, Maharashtra, 442001, India.

Funding

Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University QU-APC-2024-9/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cyclophosphamide is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent known for its effectiveness in treating various cancers; however, it is associated with significant immunosuppressive side effects. This study investigates the potential of sakuranetin, a natural flavonoid, in mice under cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressive conditions. Mice were grouped into four groups: one control group, two treated with cyclophosphamide and two sakuranetin-treated groups receiving different doses (10 and 20 mg/kg). Immune organ indices, lymphocyte proliferation, hematological parameters, nitric oxide levels, cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha-TNF-α, interferon γ-IFN-γ), interleukins (interleukin-1β-IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6), immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM levels, plague-forming cells quantification, qualitative hemolysis, and delayed-type hypersensitivity were assessed. Cyclophosphamide significantly (P < 0.05) reduced immune organ indices, lymphocyte proliferation, changes in hematological parameters, and nitric oxide levels. Treatment with both sakuranetin doses restored these parameters and normalized cytokine, IgG, and IgM levels (P < 0.05). Sakuranetin significantly (P < 0.05) improved the immunomodulatory action with elevated immune response with downregulation in immune response mediated by cells. Sakuranetin effectively counteracts cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression by modulating the IFN-γ, TNF-α, IgG, and interleukin pathway, suggesting its potential as a protective agent.

Indexed as

CyclophosphamideFlavonoidsImmunosuppressive AgentsAnimalsCytokinesFemaleImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MInterferon-gammaInterleukinsMaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CNitric OxideTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCyclophosphamideCytokinesFlavonoidsImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MImmunosuppressive AgentsInterferon-gammaInterleukinsNitric OxideTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCyclophosphamideCytokinesImmunoglobulinImmunosuppressionInterleukinsSakuranetin

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.