Evidence mapPaperPMID 40058698Full record

ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2025

Dietary Gluten Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Japanese Adults in the Takayama Study.

Michiko Tsuji, Keiko Wada, Michiyo Yamakawa, Masaaki Sugino, Tomoka Mori, Chisato Nagata

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Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Obstetrical outcomes in pregnant patients following a gluten-free diet: A prospective cohort study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026
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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Michiko TsujiDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan; Department of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Shioji-cho, Mizuhoku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Electronic address: mtsuji@nagoya-wu.ac.jp.
Keiko WadaDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan.
Michiyo YamakawaDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan.
Masaaki SuginoDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan.
Tomoka MoriDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan.
Chisato NagataDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is growing attention toward the gluten-free diet in Japan, in spite of a low prevalence of celiac disease and high consumption of rice.

objectivesThe present study examined whether gluten intake is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Japanese adults.

methodsIn 1992, 13,355 men and 15,724 women, ≥35 y of age, in the Takayama study, completed a self-administered questionnaire. Gluten intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire as a baseline. Mortality was ascertained during 16 y of follow-up. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD mortality were calculated according to gluten intake quartiles.

resultsDuring 16.1 y of follow-up, 775 CVD deaths in men and 903 CVD deaths in women occurred. Compared with the lowest quartile of intake, the highest quartile of gluten intake was significantly associated with a decreased risk of CVD mortality after controlling for age, sex, and other covariates (HR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.86, P-trend = 0.0003).

conclusionsOur data showed a significant inverse association between gluten intake and CVD mortality. The present study does not support the notion that gluten avoidance should have a beneficial effect on CVD mortality.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDietGlutensAdultAgedDiet, Gluten-FreeEast Asian PeopleFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansJapanMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesGlutenscardiovascular disease mortalitycohort studyglutenJapanese

Identifiers

PMID40058698
PMCPMC12264542

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.