Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40059618›Full record

ArticleSmall methods2025

Enhancing the Dispersibility and Stability of Graphene in Water Using Porphyrin-Based Compounds.

Katerina Anagnostou, Evangelos Sotiropoulos, Nikolaos Tzoganakis, Christos Polyzoidis, Konstantinos Rogdakis, Anna Katsari, Katerina Achilleos, Evitina Triantafyllou, Georgios Landrou, Emmanouil Nikoloudakis and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Small methods, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Katerina AnagnostouDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Heraklion, 71410, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2462-8017
Evangelos SotiropoulosDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Heraklion, 71410, Greece.
Nikolaos TzoganakisDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Heraklion, 71410, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4093-7661
Christos PolyzoidisDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Heraklion, 71410, Greece.
Konstantinos RogdakisDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Heraklion, 71410, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9700-6980
Anna KatsariLaboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
Katerina AchilleosLaboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
Evitina TriantafyllouLaboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
Georgios LandrouLaboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
Emmanouil NikoloudakisLaboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
Georgios CharalambidisTheoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635, Greece.
Athanassios G CoutsolelosLaboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
Emmanuel KymakisDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Heraklion, 71410, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0257-1192

Funding

European Union - NextGenerationEU TAEDR-0537347HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council 101008701
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although graphene's superior electrical, optoelectronic, thermal, and mechanical properties have been evident for 20 years now, its poor water dispersibility has hindered its incorporation in many types of applications and technologies. Strong examples of this are biomedical and environmental applications and devices that require non-toxic, biocompatible media and not toxic organic solvents like N-N'-Dimethylformamide, in which graphene is readily dispersible. In this work, we investigate a new way to prepare high-concentration and stable graphene dispersions in water by employing porphyrin-based compounds as stabilisers. To this end, electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EEG) and assess the potential of five porphyrins and metalloporphyrins are prepared to disperse EEG in water successfully. The dispersibility and stability of EEG in each porphyrin aqueous solution are evaluated by recording their UV-vis absorption spectra. Two of the synthesised compounds, namely sodium salt of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphyrin or TCPP and sodium salt of [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphyrinato]tin(IV) or Sn-TCPP , are successful in stably dispersing EEG in water. The intermolecular interaction between the EEG flakes and [H

Indexed as

2D nanomaterialsdispersibilitydispersion stabilityelectrochemically exfoliated graphenegraphenemetalloporphyrinsporphyrins

Identifiers

PMID40059618
PMCPMC12391633

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.